diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index aa36d917..801e9b23 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 		"build:win": "npm run build:platform-native-helpers && tsc && vite build && electron-builder --win",
 		"build:linux": "npm run build:platform-native-helpers && tsc && vite build && electron-builder --linux",
 		"i18n:check": "node scripts/i18n-check.mjs",
+		"benchmark:export-queues": "node scripts/benchmark-export-queues.mjs",
 		"test": "vitest --run",
 		"test:watch": "vitest"
 	},
diff --git a/scripts/benchmark-export-queues.mjs b/scripts/benchmark-export-queues.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..db6902c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/benchmark-export-queues.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,972 @@
+import { execFile, spawn } from "node:child_process";
+import { once } from "node:events";
+import fs from "node:fs/promises";
+import os from "node:os";
+import path from "node:path";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
+import { promisify } from "node:util";
+import electron from "electron";
+import ffmpegStatic from "ffmpeg-static";
+
+const execFileAsync = promisify(execFile);
+const __dirname = path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
+const repoRoot = path.resolve(__dirname, "..");
+const mainEntry = path.join(repoRoot, "dist-electron", "main.js");
+const rendererEntry = path.join(repoRoot, "dist", "index.html");
+
+const width = parseEvenInteger(process.env.RECORDLY_BENCH_EXPORT_WIDTH ?? "1280", "Width");
+const height = parseEvenInteger(process.env.RECORDLY_BENCH_EXPORT_HEIGHT ?? "720", "Height");
+const frameRate = parsePositiveInteger(process.env.RECORDLY_BENCH_EXPORT_FPS ?? "60", "Frame rate");
+const durationSeconds = parsePositiveInteger(process.env.RECORDLY_BENCH_EXPORT_DURATION ?? "15", "Duration");
+const timeoutMs = parsePositiveInteger(process.env.RECORDLY_BENCH_EXPORT_TIMEOUT_MS ?? "180000", "Timeout");
+const runsPerVariant = parsePositiveInteger(process.env.RECORDLY_BENCH_EXPORT_RUNS ?? "2", "Runs");
+const useNativeExport = process.env.RECORDLY_BENCH_EXPORT_USE_NATIVE === "1";
+const useWebcamOverlay = process.env.RECORDLY_BENCH_EXPORT_ENABLE_WEBCAM === "1";
+const exportEncodingMode = parseExportEncodingMode(
+	process.env.RECORDLY_BENCH_EXPORT_ENCODING_MODE ?? null,
+);
+const exportShadowIntensity = parseExportShadowIntensity(
+	process.env.RECORDLY_BENCH_EXPORT_SHADOW_INTENSITY ?? null,
+);
+const webcamWidth = parseEvenInteger(
+	process.env.RECORDLY_BENCH_EXPORT_WEBCAM_WIDTH ?? "640",
+	"Webcam width",
+);
+const webcamHeight = parseEvenInteger(
+	process.env.RECORDLY_BENCH_EXPORT_WEBCAM_HEIGHT ?? "360",
+	"Webcam height",
+);
+const webcamShadowIntensity = parseExportShadowIntensity(
+	process.env.RECORDLY_BENCH_EXPORT_WEBCAM_SHADOW ?? null,
+);
+const webcamSize = parseExportWebcamSize(
+	process.env.RECORDLY_BENCH_EXPORT_WEBCAM_SIZE ?? null,
+);
+const MODERN_BACKEND_SWEEP = ["auto", "webcodecs", "breeze"];
+const exportPipeline = parseExportPipeline(process.env.RECORDLY_BENCH_EXPORT_PIPELINE ?? null);
+const exportBackend = parseExportBackend(process.env.RECORDLY_BENCH_EXPORT_BACKEND ?? null);
+const exportBackendList = parseExportBackendList(
+	process.env.RECORDLY_BENCH_EXPORT_BACKENDS ?? null,
+);
+
+const VARIANT_PRESETS = {
+	adaptive: { name: "adaptive" },
+	baseline: { name: "baseline", maxEncodeQueue: 120, maxDecodeQueue: 10, maxPendingFrames: 24 },
+	tuned: { name: "tuned", maxEncodeQueue: 240, maxDecodeQueue: 12, maxPendingFrames: 32 },
+};
+
+const variantNameList = parseBenchmarkVariantList(
+	process.env.RECORDLY_BENCH_EXPORT_VARIANTS ?? null,
+);
+
+const variants = variantNameList
+	? variantNameList.map((variantName) => VARIANT_PRESETS[variantName])
+	: [VARIANT_PRESETS.baseline, VARIANT_PRESETS.tuned];
+
+function collectUniqueStrings(values) {
+	return [...new Set(values.filter((value) => typeof value === "string" && value.length > 0))];
+}
+
+function parsePositiveInteger(rawValue, label) {
+	const parsed = Number.parseInt(rawValue, 10);
+	if (!Number.isInteger(parsed) || parsed <= 0) {
+		throw new Error(`${label} must be a positive integer`);
+	}
+
+	return parsed;
+}
+
+function parseEvenInteger(rawValue, label) {
+	const parsed = parsePositiveInteger(rawValue, label);
+	if (parsed % 2 !== 0) {
+		throw new Error(`${label} must be even`);
+	}
+
+	return parsed;
+}
+
+function parseExportPipeline(rawValue) {
+	if (rawValue === null || rawValue === "") {
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	if (rawValue === "legacy" || rawValue === "modern") {
+		return rawValue;
+	}
+
+	throw new Error("RECORDLY_BENCH_EXPORT_PIPELINE must be 'legacy' or 'modern'");
+}
+
+function parseExportBackend(rawValue) {
+	if (rawValue === null || rawValue === "") {
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	if (rawValue === "auto" || rawValue === "webcodecs" || rawValue === "breeze") {
+		return rawValue;
+	}
+
+	throw new Error(
+		"RECORDLY_BENCH_EXPORT_BACKEND must be 'auto', 'webcodecs', or 'breeze'",
+	);
+}
+
+function parseExportBackendList(rawValue) {
+	if (rawValue === null || rawValue === "") {
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	if (rawValue === "all") {
+		return [...MODERN_BACKEND_SWEEP];
+	}
+
+	const values = rawValue
+		.split(",")
+		.map((value) => value.trim())
+		.filter((value) => value.length > 0)
+		.map((value) => parseExportBackend(value))
+		.filter((value) => value !== null);
+
+	if (values.length === 0) {
+		throw new Error(
+			"RECORDLY_BENCH_EXPORT_BACKENDS must include at least one of: auto, webcodecs, breeze",
+		);
+	}
+
+	return [...new Set(values)];
+}
+
+function parseBenchmarkVariantList(rawValue) {
+	if (rawValue === null || rawValue === "") {
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	const values = rawValue
+		.split(",")
+		.map((value) => value.trim())
+		.filter((value) => value.length > 0);
+
+	if (values.length === 0) {
+		throw new Error(
+			"RECORDLY_BENCH_EXPORT_VARIANTS must include at least one of: adaptive, baseline, tuned",
+		);
+	}
+
+	for (const value of values) {
+		if (!(value in VARIANT_PRESETS)) {
+			throw new Error(
+				"RECORDLY_BENCH_EXPORT_VARIANTS must include only: adaptive, baseline, tuned",
+			);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return [...new Set(values)];
+}
+
+function parseExportEncodingMode(rawValue) {
+	if (rawValue === null || rawValue === "") {
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	if (rawValue === "fast" || rawValue === "balanced" || rawValue === "quality") {
+		return rawValue;
+	}
+
+	throw new Error(
+		"RECORDLY_BENCH_EXPORT_ENCODING_MODE must be 'fast', 'balanced', or 'quality'",
+	);
+}
+
+function parseExportShadowIntensity(rawValue) {
+	if (rawValue === null || rawValue === "") {
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	const parsed = Number.parseFloat(rawValue);
+	if (!Number.isFinite(parsed) || parsed < 0) {
+		throw new Error("RECORDLY_BENCH_EXPORT_SHADOW_INTENSITY must be a non-negative number");
+	}
+
+	return parsed;
+}
+
+function parseExportWebcamSize(rawValue) {
+	if (rawValue === null || rawValue === "") {
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	const parsed = Number.parseFloat(rawValue);
+	if (!Number.isFinite(parsed) || parsed <= 0 || parsed > 100) {
+		throw new Error("RECORDLY_BENCH_EXPORT_WEBCAM_SIZE must be a number between 0 and 100");
+	}
+
+	return parsed;
+}
+
+function summarizeSmokeProgress(progressSamples) {
+	if (!Array.isArray(progressSamples) || progressSamples.length === 0) {
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	const extractingSamples = progressSamples.filter(
+		(sample) => sample?.phase === "extracting" && typeof sample?.currentFrame === "number" && sample.currentFrame > 1,
+	);
+	const fpsSource = extractingSamples.length > 0 ? extractingSamples : progressSamples;
+	const renderFpsSamples = fpsSource
+		.map((sample) => sample?.renderFps)
+		.filter((value) => typeof value === "number" && Number.isFinite(value));
+	const firstSample = progressSamples[0] ?? null;
+	const lastSample = progressSamples.at(-1) ?? null;
+	const firstExtractingSample = extractingSamples[0] ?? null;
+	const lastExtractingSample = extractingSamples.at(-1) ?? null;
+
+	return {
+		samples: progressSamples.length,
+		extractingSamples: extractingSamples.length,
+		firstElapsedMs: typeof firstSample?.elapsedMs === "number" ? firstSample.elapsedMs : null,
+		lastElapsedMs: typeof lastSample?.elapsedMs === "number" ? lastSample.elapsedMs : null,
+		firstExtractingElapsedMs:
+			typeof firstExtractingSample?.elapsedMs === "number"
+				? firstExtractingSample.elapsedMs
+				: null,
+		lastExtractingElapsedMs:
+			typeof lastExtractingSample?.elapsedMs === "number"
+				? lastExtractingSample.elapsedMs
+				: null,
+		firstRenderFps: renderFpsSamples[0] ?? null,
+		lastRenderFps: renderFpsSamples.at(-1) ?? null,
+		minRenderFps: renderFpsSamples.length > 0 ? Math.min(...renderFpsSamples) : null,
+		maxRenderFps: renderFpsSamples.length > 0 ? Math.max(...renderFpsSamples) : null,
+	};
+}
+
+async function ensureBuildArtifacts() {
+	await fs.access(mainEntry);
+	await fs.access(rendererEntry);
+}
+
+
+async function createFixtureVideo(
+	ffmpegPath,
+	targetPath,
+	{
+		fixtureWidth = width,
+		fixtureHeight = height,
+		includeAudio = true,
+		videoFilter = `testsrc2=size=${fixtureWidth}x${fixtureHeight}:rate=${frameRate}`,
+	} = {},
+) {
+	const args = [
+		"-y",
+		"-hide_banner",
+		"-loglevel",
+		"error",
+		"-f",
+		"lavfi",
+		"-i",
+		videoFilter,
+	];
+
+	if (includeAudio) {
+		args.push(
+			"-f",
+			"lavfi",
+			"-i",
+			"sine=frequency=880:sample_rate=48000",
+			"-c:a",
+			"aac",
+			"-b:a",
+			"128k",
+		);
+	} else {
+		args.push("-an");
+	}
+
+	args.push(
+		"-t",
+		String(durationSeconds),
+		"-c:v",
+		"libx264",
+		"-preset",
+		"veryfast",
+		"-pix_fmt",
+		"yuv420p",
+		"-movflags",
+		"+faststart",
+		targetPath,
+	);
+
+	await execFileAsync(ffmpegPath, args, {
+		timeout: 60_000,
+		maxBuffer: 20 * 1024 * 1024,
+	});
+}
+
+function parseDurationSeconds(ffmpegOutput) {
+	const match = ffmpegOutput.match(/Duration:\s*(\d+):(\d+):(\d+(?:\.\d+)?)/i);
+	if (!match) {
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	return (
+		Number.parseInt(match[1], 10) * 3600 +
+		Number.parseInt(match[2], 10) * 60 +
+		Number.parseFloat(match[3])
+	);
+}
+
+async function inspectOutput(ffmpegPath, targetPath) {
+	try {
+		const { stderr } = await execFileAsync(
+			ffmpegPath,
+			["-hide_banner", "-i", targetPath, "-f", "null", "-"],
+			{
+				timeout: 30_000,
+				maxBuffer: 20 * 1024 * 1024,
+			},
+		);
+		return parseDurationSeconds(stderr);
+	} catch (error) {
+		return parseDurationSeconds(String(error?.stderr ?? ""));
+	}
+}
+
+async function readSmokeExportReport(outputPath) {
+	const reportPath = `${outputPath}.report.json`;
+
+	try {
+		const reportContent = await fs.readFile(reportPath, "utf8");
+		return {
+			reportPath,
+			report: JSON.parse(reportContent),
+		};
+	} catch {
+		return null;
+	}
+}
+
+function buildBenchmarkRequests() {
+	if (exportBackendList) {
+		return exportBackendList.map((backend) => ({
+			pipeline: exportPipeline,
+			backend,
+			label: backend,
+			slug: backend,
+		}));
+	}
+
+	if (exportBackend) {
+		return [
+			{
+				pipeline: exportPipeline,
+				backend: exportBackend,
+				label: exportBackend,
+				slug: exportBackend,
+			},
+		];
+	}
+
+	if (exportPipeline === "modern") {
+		return MODERN_BACKEND_SWEEP.map((backend) => ({
+			pipeline: exportPipeline,
+			backend,
+			label: backend,
+			slug: backend,
+		}));
+	}
+
+	return [
+		{
+			pipeline: exportPipeline,
+			backend: null,
+			label: "default",
+			slug: "default",
+		},
+	];
+}
+
+function formatTableCell(value) {
+	if (Array.isArray(value)) {
+		return value.length > 0 ? value.join(", ") : "-";
+	}
+
+	if (value === null || value === undefined || value === "") {
+		return "-";
+	}
+
+	return String(value).replace(/\s+/g, " ").trim();
+}
+
+function printTable(title, columns, rows) {
+	if (!Array.isArray(rows) || rows.length === 0) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	const formattedRows = rows.map((row) =>
+		columns.map((column) => formatTableCell(column.getValue(row))),
+	);
+	const widths = columns.map((column, columnIndex) => {
+		const headerWidth = column.header.length;
+		const rowWidth = Math.max(...formattedRows.map((row) => row[columnIndex].length));
+		return Math.max(headerWidth, rowWidth);
+	});
+	const divider = `| ${widths.map((width) => "-".repeat(width)).join(" | ")} |`;
+
+	console.log(`[benchmark-export-queues] ${title}`);
+	console.log(
+		`| ${columns
+			.map((column, columnIndex) => column.header.padEnd(widths[columnIndex]))
+			.join(" | ")} |`,
+	);
+	console.log(divider);
+	for (const row of formattedRows) {
+		console.log(
+			`| ${row
+				.map((value, columnIndex) => value.padEnd(widths[columnIndex]))
+				.join(" | ")} |`,
+		);
+	}
+}
+
+function formatMs(value) {
+	return typeof value === "number" && Number.isFinite(value) ? `${Math.round(value)} ms` : "-";
+}
+
+function formatDeltaMs(value) {
+	if (typeof value !== "number" || !Number.isFinite(value)) {
+		return "-";
+	}
+
+	const roundedValue = Math.round(value);
+	return `${roundedValue > 0 ? "+" : ""}${roundedValue} ms`;
+}
+
+function formatPercent(value) {
+	return typeof value === "number" && Number.isFinite(value) ? `${value.toFixed(1)}%` : "-";
+}
+
+function formatSeconds(value) {
+	return typeof value === "number" && Number.isFinite(value) ? `${value.toFixed(2)} s` : "-";
+}
+
+function formatMegabytes(value) {
+	return typeof value === "number" && Number.isFinite(value)
+		? `${(value / (1024 * 1024)).toFixed(2)} MB`
+		: "-";
+}
+
+function formatBoolean(value) {
+	return value ? "Yes" : "No";
+}
+
+function calculateDelta(referenceValue, nextValue) {
+	if (
+		typeof referenceValue !== "number" ||
+		!Number.isFinite(referenceValue) ||
+		typeof nextValue !== "number" ||
+		!Number.isFinite(nextValue)
+	) {
+		return { deltaMs: null, deltaPercent: null };
+	}
+
+	return {
+		deltaMs: nextValue - referenceValue,
+		deltaPercent: referenceValue > 0 ? ((nextValue - referenceValue) / referenceValue) * 100 : 0,
+	};
+}
+
+function buildRequestedConfigRows(benchmarkRequests) {
+	const rows = [
+		{ key: "Width", value: width },
+		{ key: "Height", value: height },
+		{ key: "Frame rate", value: `${frameRate} FPS` },
+		{ key: "Duration", value: `${durationSeconds} s` },
+		{ key: "Timeout", value: formatMs(timeoutMs) },
+		{ key: "Runs per variant", value: runsPerVariant },
+		{ key: "Pipeline", value: exportPipeline ?? "default" },
+		{ key: "Requested backends", value: benchmarkRequests.map((request) => request.label) },
+		{ key: "Backend sweep", value: formatBoolean(benchmarkRequests.length > 1) },
+		{ key: "Encoding mode", value: exportEncodingMode ?? "default" },
+		{ key: "Shadow intensity", value: exportShadowIntensity ?? "default" },
+		{ key: "Webcam enabled", value: formatBoolean(useWebcamOverlay) },
+		{ key: "Experimental native override", value: formatBoolean(useNativeExport) },
+	];
+
+	if (useWebcamOverlay) {
+		rows.push(
+			{ key: "Webcam width", value: webcamWidth },
+			{ key: "Webcam height", value: webcamHeight },
+			{ key: "Webcam shadow", value: webcamShadowIntensity ?? "default" },
+			{ key: "Webcam size", value: webcamSize ?? "default" },
+		);
+	}
+
+	return rows;
+}
+
+function printRequestedConfigTable(benchmarkRequests) {
+	printTable(
+		"Requested config",
+		[
+			{ header: "Setting", getValue: (row) => row.key },
+			{ header: "Value", getValue: (row) => row.value },
+		],
+		buildRequestedConfigRows(benchmarkRequests),
+	);
+}
+
+function buildTimingTableRows(benchmarkResults) {
+	return benchmarkResults.flatMap((result) =>
+		result.summaries.map((summary) => ({
+			backend: result.request.backend ?? "default",
+			pipeline: result.request.pipeline ?? "default",
+			variant: summary.variant.name,
+			averageElapsedMs: summary.averageElapsedMs,
+			medianElapsedMs: summary.medianElapsedMs,
+			averageSmokeElapsedMs: summary.averageSmokeElapsedMs,
+			minElapsedMs: summary.minElapsedMs,
+			maxElapsedMs: summary.maxElapsedMs,
+			averageOutputDurationSeconds: summary.averageOutputDurationSeconds,
+			averageSizeBytes: summary.averageSizeBytes,
+			webcamEnabled: summary.webcamEnabled,
+		})),
+	);
+}
+
+function printTimingSummaryTable(benchmarkResults) {
+	printTable(
+		"Timing summary",
+		[
+			{ header: "Pipeline", getValue: (row) => row.pipeline },
+			{ header: "Backend", getValue: (row) => row.backend },
+			{ header: "Variant", getValue: (row) => row.variant },
+			{ header: "Avg total", getValue: (row) => formatMs(row.averageElapsedMs) },
+			{ header: "Median total", getValue: (row) => formatMs(row.medianElapsedMs) },
+			{ header: "Avg export", getValue: (row) => formatMs(row.averageSmokeElapsedMs) },
+			{ header: "Min", getValue: (row) => formatMs(row.minElapsedMs) },
+			{ header: "Max", getValue: (row) => formatMs(row.maxElapsedMs) },
+			{ header: "Avg output", getValue: (row) => formatSeconds(row.averageOutputDurationSeconds) },
+			{ header: "Avg size", getValue: (row) => formatMegabytes(row.averageSizeBytes) },
+			{ header: "Webcam", getValue: (row) => formatBoolean(row.webcamEnabled) },
+		],
+		buildTimingTableRows(benchmarkResults),
+	);
+}
+
+function buildBackendDetailTableRows(benchmarkResults) {
+	return benchmarkResults.flatMap((result) =>
+		result.summaries.map((summary) => ({
+			backend: result.request.backend ?? "default",
+			pipeline: result.request.pipeline ?? "default",
+			variant: summary.variant.name,
+			encodeQueue: summary.variant.maxEncodeQueue,
+			decodeQueue: summary.variant.maxDecodeQueue,
+			pendingFrames: summary.variant.maxPendingFrames,
+			observedRenderBackends: summary.observedRenderBackends,
+			observedEncodeBackends: summary.observedEncodeBackends,
+			observedEncoders: summary.observedEncoders,
+		})),
+	);
+}
+
+function printBackendDetailTable(benchmarkResults) {
+	printTable(
+		"Observed backends",
+		[
+			{ header: "Pipeline", getValue: (row) => row.pipeline },
+			{ header: "Backend", getValue: (row) => row.backend },
+			{ header: "Variant", getValue: (row) => row.variant },
+			{ header: "Encode Q", getValue: (row) => row.encodeQueue },
+			{ header: "Decode Q", getValue: (row) => row.decodeQueue },
+			{ header: "Pending", getValue: (row) => row.pendingFrames },
+			{ header: "Render", getValue: (row) => row.observedRenderBackends },
+			{ header: "Encode", getValue: (row) => row.observedEncodeBackends },
+			{ header: "Encoder", getValue: (row) => row.observedEncoders },
+		],
+		buildBackendDetailTableRows(benchmarkResults),
+	);
+}
+
+function buildDeltaTableRows(benchmarkResults) {
+	return benchmarkResults
+		.map((result) => {
+			const baseline = result.summaries.find((summary) => summary.variant.name === "baseline");
+			const tuned = result.summaries.find((summary) => summary.variant.name === "tuned");
+			if (!baseline || !tuned) {
+				return null;
+			}
+
+			const averageDelta = calculateDelta(baseline.averageElapsedMs, tuned.averageElapsedMs);
+			const medianDelta = calculateDelta(baseline.medianElapsedMs, tuned.medianElapsedMs);
+			const exportDelta = calculateDelta(
+				baseline.averageSmokeElapsedMs,
+				tuned.averageSmokeElapsedMs,
+			);
+
+			return {
+				pipeline: result.request.pipeline ?? "default",
+				backend: result.request.backend ?? "default",
+				averageDeltaMs: averageDelta.deltaMs,
+				averageDeltaPercent: averageDelta.deltaPercent,
+				medianDeltaMs: medianDelta.deltaMs,
+				medianDeltaPercent: medianDelta.deltaPercent,
+				exportDeltaMs: exportDelta.deltaMs,
+				exportDeltaPercent: exportDelta.deltaPercent,
+			};
+		})
+		.filter(Boolean);
+}
+
+function printDeltaTable(benchmarkResults) {
+	printTable(
+		"Tuned vs baseline",
+		[
+			{ header: "Pipeline", getValue: (row) => row.pipeline },
+			{ header: "Backend", getValue: (row) => row.backend },
+			{ header: "Avg delta", getValue: (row) => `${formatDeltaMs(row.averageDeltaMs)} (${formatPercent(row.averageDeltaPercent)})` },
+			{ header: "Median delta", getValue: (row) => `${formatDeltaMs(row.medianDeltaMs)} (${formatPercent(row.medianDeltaPercent)})` },
+			{ header: "Export delta", getValue: (row) => `${formatDeltaMs(row.exportDeltaMs)} (${formatPercent(row.exportDeltaPercent)})` },
+		],
+		buildDeltaTableRows(benchmarkResults),
+	);
+}
+
+async function runVariant(
+	ffmpegPath,
+	inputPath,
+	webcamInputPath,
+	benchmarkRequest,
+	variant,
+	runIndex,
+) {
+	const outputPath = path.join(
+		path.dirname(inputPath),
+		`${benchmarkRequest.slug}-${variant.name}-${runIndex + 1}-${Date.now()}.mp4`,
+	);
+	const startedAt = performance.now();
+	const runLabel = `${benchmarkRequest.label}/${variant.name}#${runIndex + 1}`;
+	const child = spawn(electron, [repoRoot], {
+		cwd: repoRoot,
+		env: {
+			...process.env,
+			RECORDLY_SMOKE_EXPORT: "1",
+			RECORDLY_SMOKE_EXPORT_INPUT: inputPath,
+			RECORDLY_SMOKE_EXPORT_OUTPUT: outputPath,
+			...(useNativeExport ? { RECORDLY_SMOKE_EXPORT_USE_NATIVE: "1" } : {}),
+			...(exportEncodingMode
+				? { RECORDLY_SMOKE_EXPORT_ENCODING_MODE: exportEncodingMode }
+				: {}),
+			...(exportShadowIntensity !== null
+				? { RECORDLY_SMOKE_EXPORT_SHADOW_INTENSITY: String(exportShadowIntensity) }
+				: {}),
+			...(webcamInputPath
+				? { RECORDLY_SMOKE_EXPORT_WEBCAM_INPUT: webcamInputPath }
+				: {}),
+			...(webcamShadowIntensity !== null
+				? { RECORDLY_SMOKE_EXPORT_WEBCAM_SHADOW: String(webcamShadowIntensity) }
+				: {}),
+			...(webcamSize !== null
+				? { RECORDLY_SMOKE_EXPORT_WEBCAM_SIZE: String(webcamSize) }
+				: {}),
+			...(benchmarkRequest.pipeline
+				? { RECORDLY_SMOKE_EXPORT_PIPELINE: benchmarkRequest.pipeline }
+				: {}),
+			...(benchmarkRequest.backend
+				? { RECORDLY_SMOKE_EXPORT_BACKEND: benchmarkRequest.backend }
+				: {}),
+			...(typeof variant.maxEncodeQueue === "number"
+				? { RECORDLY_SMOKE_EXPORT_MAX_ENCODE_QUEUE: String(variant.maxEncodeQueue) }
+				: {}),
+			...(typeof variant.maxDecodeQueue === "number"
+				? { RECORDLY_SMOKE_EXPORT_MAX_DECODE_QUEUE: String(variant.maxDecodeQueue) }
+				: {}),
+			...(typeof variant.maxPendingFrames === "number"
+				? { RECORDLY_SMOKE_EXPORT_MAX_PENDING_FRAMES: String(variant.maxPendingFrames) }
+				: {}),
+		},
+		stdio: ["ignore", "pipe", "pipe"],
+	});
+
+	let combinedOutput = "";
+	child.stdout.on("data", (chunk) => {
+		const text = chunk.toString();
+		combinedOutput += text;
+		process.stdout.write(`[${runLabel}] ${text}`);
+	});
+	child.stderr.on("data", (chunk) => {
+		const text = chunk.toString();
+		combinedOutput += text;
+		process.stderr.write(`[${runLabel}] ${text}`);
+	});
+
+	const timeout = setTimeout(() => {
+		child.kill("SIGKILL");
+	}, timeoutMs);
+
+	const [exitCode, signal] = await once(child, "close");
+	clearTimeout(timeout);
+
+	if (exitCode !== 0) {
+		const signalText = signal ? ` (signal ${signal})` : "";
+		throw new Error(
+			`${variant.name} run ${runIndex + 1} failed with code ${exitCode ?? "unknown"}${signalText}\n${combinedOutput.trim()}`,
+		);
+	}
+
+	const smokeExportReport = await readSmokeExportReport(outputPath);
+	let outputStats;
+	try {
+		outputStats = await fs.stat(outputPath);
+	} catch (error) {
+		const reportSuffix = smokeExportReport
+			? `\n${JSON.stringify(smokeExportReport.report)}`
+			: "";
+		throw new Error(
+			`${variant.name} run ${runIndex + 1} did not produce an output file: ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}${reportSuffix}`,
+		);
+	}
+	if (outputStats.size <= 0) {
+		const reportSuffix = smokeExportReport
+			? `\n${JSON.stringify(smokeExportReport.report)}`
+			: "";
+		throw new Error(
+			`${variant.name} run ${runIndex + 1} produced an empty output file${reportSuffix}`,
+		);
+	}
+
+	const elapsedMs = Math.round(performance.now() - startedAt);
+	const outputDuration = await inspectOutput(ffmpegPath, outputPath);
+
+	return {
+		elapsedMs,
+		outputPath,
+		sizeBytes: outputStats.size,
+		outputDuration,
+		webcamEnabled: !!webcamInputPath,
+		smokeExportReport: smokeExportReport?.report ?? null,
+		smokeProgressSummary: summarizeSmokeProgress(
+			smokeExportReport?.report?.progressSamples,
+		),
+	};
+}
+
+async function runBenchmarkRequest(ffmpegPath, inputPath, webcamInputPath, benchmarkRequest) {
+	const summaries = [];
+	for (const variant of variants) {
+		const runs = [];
+		for (let index = 0; index < runsPerVariant; index += 1) {
+			console.log(
+				`[benchmark-export-queues] Running ${benchmarkRequest.label}/${variant.name} (${index + 1}/${runsPerVariant}) with encode=${variant.maxEncodeQueue ?? "auto"} decode=${variant.maxDecodeQueue ?? "auto"} pending=${variant.maxPendingFrames ?? "auto"}`,
+			);
+			runs.push(
+				await runVariant(
+					ffmpegPath,
+					inputPath,
+					webcamInputPath,
+					benchmarkRequest,
+					variant,
+					index,
+				),
+			);
+		}
+
+		const runSummary = summarizeVariantRuns(runs);
+		summaries.push({
+			variant,
+			runs,
+			...runSummary,
+			webcamEnabled: useWebcamOverlay,
+		});
+	}
+
+	return {
+		request: benchmarkRequest,
+		summaries,
+	};
+}
+
+function average(values) {
+	return values.reduce((sum, value) => sum + value, 0) / values.length;
+}
+
+function median(values) {
+	if (values.length === 0) {
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	const sorted = [...values].sort((left, right) => left - right);
+	const middleIndex = Math.floor(sorted.length / 2);
+	if (sorted.length % 2 === 0) {
+		return (sorted[middleIndex - 1] + sorted[middleIndex]) / 2;
+	}
+
+	return sorted[middleIndex];
+}
+
+function summarizeVariantRuns(runs) {
+	const elapsedValues = runs.map((run) => run.elapsedMs);
+	const sizeValues = runs.map((run) => run.sizeBytes);
+	const outputDurationValues = runs
+		.map((run) => run.outputDuration)
+		.filter((value) => typeof value === "number" && Number.isFinite(value));
+	const smokeElapsedValues = runs
+		.map((run) => run.smokeExportReport?.elapsedMs)
+		.filter((value) => typeof value === "number" && Number.isFinite(value));
+
+	return {
+		averageElapsedMs: Math.round(average(elapsedValues)),
+		medianElapsedMs: Math.round(median(elapsedValues)),
+		minElapsedMs: Math.min(...elapsedValues),
+		maxElapsedMs: Math.max(...elapsedValues),
+		averageSizeBytes: Math.round(average(sizeValues)),
+		averageOutputDurationSeconds:
+			outputDurationValues.length > 0 ? average(outputDurationValues) : null,
+		averageSmokeElapsedMs:
+			smokeElapsedValues.length > 0 ? Math.round(average(smokeElapsedValues)) : null,
+		observedRenderBackends: collectUniqueStrings(
+			runs.map((run) => run.smokeExportReport?.metrics?.renderBackend),
+		),
+		observedEncodeBackends: collectUniqueStrings(
+			runs.map((run) => run.smokeExportReport?.metrics?.encodeBackend),
+		),
+		observedEncoders: collectUniqueStrings(
+			runs.map((run) => run.smokeExportReport?.metrics?.encoderName),
+		),
+	};
+}
+
+async function main() {
+	if (typeof ffmpegStatic !== "string" || ffmpegStatic.length === 0) {
+		throw new Error("ffmpeg-static is unavailable for this platform");
+	}
+
+	if (typeof electron !== "string" || electron.length === 0) {
+		throw new Error("The Electron binary is unavailable in this workspace");
+	}
+
+	await ensureBuildArtifacts();
+	const benchmarkRequests = buildBenchmarkRequests();
+
+	const tempDir = await fs.mkdtemp(path.join(os.tmpdir(), "recordly-export-queue-bench-"));
+	const inputPath = path.join(tempDir, "input.mp4");
+	const webcamInputPath = useWebcamOverlay ? path.join(tempDir, "webcam.mp4") : null;
+
+	try {
+		console.log("[benchmark-export-queues] Config");
+		console.log(
+			JSON.stringify({
+				width,
+				height,
+				frameRate,
+				durationSeconds,
+				timeoutMs,
+				runsPerVariant,
+				requestedPipeline: exportPipeline,
+				requestedBackend: exportBackend,
+				requestedBackends: benchmarkRequests.map((request) => request.label),
+				backendSweepEnabled: benchmarkRequests.length > 1,
+				requestedEncodingMode: exportEncodingMode,
+				requestedShadowIntensity: exportShadowIntensity,
+				webcamEnabled: useWebcamOverlay,
+				requestedWebcamShadowIntensity: webcamShadowIntensity,
+				requestedWebcamSize: webcamSize,
+			}),
+		);
+		printRequestedConfigTable(benchmarkRequests);
+
+		console.log(`[benchmark-export-queues] Generating fixture video: ${inputPath}`);
+		await createFixtureVideo(ffmpegStatic, inputPath);
+		if (webcamInputPath) {
+			console.log(`[benchmark-export-queues] Generating webcam fixture video: ${webcamInputPath}`);
+			await createFixtureVideo(ffmpegStatic, webcamInputPath, {
+				fixtureWidth: webcamWidth,
+				fixtureHeight: webcamHeight,
+				includeAudio: false,
+				videoFilter: `testsrc=size=${webcamWidth}x${webcamHeight}:rate=${frameRate}`,
+			});
+		}
+
+		const benchmarkResults = [];
+		for (const benchmarkRequest of benchmarkRequests) {
+			benchmarkResults.push(
+				await runBenchmarkRequest(
+					ffmpegStatic,
+					inputPath,
+					webcamInputPath,
+					benchmarkRequest,
+				),
+			);
+		}
+
+		console.log("[benchmark-export-queues] Summary");
+		for (const result of benchmarkResults) {
+			for (const summary of result.summaries) {
+				console.log(
+					JSON.stringify({
+						requestedPipeline: result.request.pipeline,
+						requestedBackend: result.request.backend,
+						name: summary.variant.name,
+						webcamEnabled: useWebcamOverlay,
+						webcamShadowIntensity,
+						webcamSize,
+						maxEncodeQueue: summary.variant.maxEncodeQueue,
+						maxDecodeQueue: summary.variant.maxDecodeQueue,
+						maxPendingFrames: summary.variant.maxPendingFrames,
+						averageElapsedMs: summary.averageElapsedMs,
+						medianElapsedMs: summary.medianElapsedMs,
+						minElapsedMs: summary.minElapsedMs,
+						maxElapsedMs: summary.maxElapsedMs,
+						averageSizeBytes: summary.averageSizeBytes,
+						averageOutputDurationSeconds: summary.averageOutputDurationSeconds,
+						averageSmokeElapsedMs: summary.averageSmokeElapsedMs,
+						observedRenderBackends: summary.observedRenderBackends,
+						observedEncodeBackends: summary.observedEncodeBackends,
+						observedEncoders: summary.observedEncoders,
+						runs: summary.runs.map((run) => ({
+							elapsedMs: run.elapsedMs,
+							sizeBytes: run.sizeBytes,
+							outputDuration: run.outputDuration,
+							smokeExportReport: run.smokeExportReport,
+							smokeProgressSummary: run.smokeProgressSummary,
+						})),
+					}),
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		printTimingSummaryTable(benchmarkResults);
+		printBackendDetailTable(benchmarkResults);
+		printDeltaTable(benchmarkResults);
+
+		for (const result of benchmarkResults) {
+			if (result.summaries.length < 2) {
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			const baseline = result.summaries[0];
+			const tuned = result.summaries[1];
+			const deltaMs = tuned.averageElapsedMs - baseline.averageElapsedMs;
+			const percent = baseline.averageElapsedMs > 0 ? (deltaMs / baseline.averageElapsedMs) * 100 : 0;
+			const medianDeltaMs = tuned.medianElapsedMs - baseline.medianElapsedMs;
+			const medianPercent =
+				baseline.medianElapsedMs > 0
+					? (medianDeltaMs / baseline.medianElapsedMs) * 100
+					: 0;
+			const backendLabel = result.request.backend ?? "default";
+			console.log(
+				`[benchmark-export-queues] ${backendLabel} tuned vs baseline: ${deltaMs}ms (${percent.toFixed(1)}%)`,
+			);
+			console.log(
+				`[benchmark-export-queues] ${backendLabel} tuned vs baseline (median): ${medianDeltaMs}ms (${medianPercent.toFixed(1)}%)`,
+			);
+		}
+	} finally {
+		await fs.rm(tempDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+	}
+}
+
+main().catch((error) => {
+	console.error(
+		`[benchmark-export-queues] ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}`,
+	);
+	process.exitCode = 1;
+});
\ No newline at end of file