diff --git a/Sources/Containerization/Image/Image.swift b/Sources/Containerization/Image/Image.swift
index 2f2cbbe4..ed0b73ab 100644
--- a/Sources/Containerization/Image/Image.swift
+++ b/Sources/Containerization/Image/Image.swift
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ public struct Image: Sendable {
     /// Returns the underlying OCI index for the image.
     public func index() async throws -> Index {
         guard let content: Content = try await contentStore.get(digest: digest) else {
-            throw ContainerizationError(.notFound, message: "Content with digest \(digest)")
+            throw ContainerizationError(.notFound, message: "content with digest \(digest)")
         }
         return try content.decode()
     }
@@ -71,10 +71,10 @@ public struct Image: Sendable {
             desc.platform == platform
         }
         guard let desc else {
-            throw ContainerizationError(.unsupported, message: "Platform \(platform.description)")
+            throw ContainerizationError(.unsupported, message: "platform \(platform.description)")
         }
         guard let content: Content = try await contentStore.get(digest: desc.digest) else {
-            throw ContainerizationError(.notFound, message: "Content with digest \(digest)")
+            throw ContainerizationError(.notFound, message: "content with digest \(digest)")
         }
         return try content.decode()
     }
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ public struct Image: Sendable {
         let manifest = try await self.manifest(for: platform)
         let desc = manifest.config
         guard let content: Content = try await contentStore.get(digest: desc.digest) else {
-            throw ContainerizationError(.notFound, message: "Content with digest \(digest)")
+            throw ContainerizationError(.notFound, message: "content with digest \(digest)")
         }
         return try content.decode()
     }
@@ -120,10 +120,10 @@ public struct Image: Sendable {
     /// Returns a reference to the content blob for the image. The specified digest must be referenced by the image in one of its layers.
     public func getContent(digest: String) async throws -> Content {
         guard try await self.referencedDigests().contains(digest.trimmingDigestPrefix) else {
-            throw ContainerizationError(.internalError, message: "Image \(self.reference) does not reference digest \(digest)")
+            throw ContainerizationError(.internalError, message: "image \(self.reference) does not reference digest \(digest)")
         }
         guard let content: Content = try await contentStore.get(digest: digest) else {
-            throw ContainerizationError(.notFound, message: "Content with digest \(digest)")
+            throw ContainerizationError(.notFound, message: "content with digest \(digest)")
         }
         return content
     }
diff --git a/Sources/Containerization/Image/ImageStore/ImageStore+Export.swift b/Sources/Containerization/Image/ImageStore/ImageStore+Export.swift
index d24ff6c0..32400988 100644
--- a/Sources/Containerization/Image/ImageStore/ImageStore+Export.swift
+++ b/Sources/Containerization/Image/ImageStore/ImageStore+Export.swift
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ extension ImageStore {
                     for chunk in layerGroup.chunks(ofCount: 8) {
                         for desc in chunk {
                             guard let content = try await self.contentStore.get(digest: desc.digest) else {
-                                throw ContainerizationError(.notFound, message: "Content with digest \(desc.digest)")
+                                throw ContainerizationError(.notFound, message: "content with digest \(desc.digest)")
                             }
                             group.addTask {
                                 let readStream = try ReadStream(url: content.path)
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ extension ImageStore {
 
         private func createIndex(from index: Descriptor, matching: (Platform) -> Bool) async throws -> Data {
             guard let content = try await self.contentStore.get(digest: index.digest) else {
-                throw ContainerizationError(.notFound, message: "Content with digest \(index.digest)")
+                throw ContainerizationError(.notFound, message: "content with digest \(index.digest)")
             }
             var idx: Index = try content.decode()
             let manifests = idx.manifests
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ extension ImageStore {
             for desc in descs {
                 let mediaType = desc.mediaType
                 guard let content = try await self.contentStore.get(digest: desc.digest) else {
-                    throw ContainerizationError(.notFound, message: "Content with digest \(desc.digest)")
+                    throw ContainerizationError(.notFound, message: "content with digest \(desc.digest)")
                 }
                 switch mediaType {
                 case MediaTypes.index, MediaTypes.dockerManifestList:
diff --git a/Sources/Containerization/Image/ImageStore/ImageStore+Import.swift b/Sources/Containerization/Image/ImageStore/ImageStore+Import.swift
index 41e115fb..e55d2d74 100644
--- a/Sources/Containerization/Image/ImageStore/ImageStore+Import.swift
+++ b/Sources/Containerization/Image/ImageStore/ImageStore+Import.swift
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ extension ImageStore {
             // the Index.
             let supportedPlatforms = index.manifests.compactMap { $0.platform }
             guard supportedPlatforms.allSatisfy(matcher) else {
-                throw ContainerizationError(.unsupported, message: "Image \(root.digest) does not support required platforms")
+                throw ContainerizationError(.unsupported, message: "image \(root.digest) does not support required platforms")
             }
             let writer = try ContentWriter(for: self.ingestDir)
             let result = try writer.create(from: index)
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ extension ImageStore {
                 }
                 return try await self.client.fetch(name: name, descriptor: descriptor)
             } catch {
-                throw ContainerizationError(.internalError, message: "Cannot fetch content with digest \(descriptor.digest)", cause: error)
+                throw ContainerizationError(.internalError, message: "cannot fetch content with digest \(descriptor.digest)", cause: error)
             }
         }
 
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ extension ImageStore {
             let tempFile = ingestDir.appendingPathComponent(id)
             let (_, digest) = try await client.fetchBlob(name: name, descriptor: descriptor, into: tempFile, progress: progress)
             guard digest.digestString == descriptor.digest else {
-                throw ContainerizationError(.internalError, message: "Digest mismatch expected \(descriptor.digest), got \(digest.digestString)")
+                throw ContainerizationError(.internalError, message: "digest mismatch expected \(descriptor.digest), got \(digest.digestString)")
             }
             do {
                 try fm.moveItem(at: tempFile, to: ingestDir.appendingPathComponent(digest.encoded))
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ extension ImageStore {
                 ])
             }
             guard result.digest.digestString == descriptor.digest else {
-                throw ContainerizationError(.internalError, message: "Digest mismatch expected \(descriptor.digest), got \(result.digest.digestString)")
+                throw ContainerizationError(.internalError, message: "digest mismatch expected \(descriptor.digest), got \(result.digest.digestString)")
             }
             return data
         }
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ extension ImageStore {
                     throw ContainerizationError(
                         .internalError,
                         message:
-                            "Descriptor \(root.mediaType) with digest \(root.digest) does not list any supported platform or supports more than one platform. Supported platforms = \(supportedPlatforms)"
+                            "descriptor \(root.mediaType) with digest \(root.digest) does not list any supported platform or supports more than one platform. Supported platforms = \(supportedPlatforms)"
                     )
                 }
                 let platform = supportedPlatforms.first!
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ extension ImageStore {
                     ])
                 return index
             default:
-                throw ContainerizationError(.internalError, message: "Failed to create index for descriptor \(root.digest), media type \(root.mediaType)")
+                throw ContainerizationError(.internalError, message: "failed to create index for descriptor \(root.digest), media type \(root.mediaType)")
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/Sources/Containerization/Image/ImageStore/ImageStore+OCILayout.swift b/Sources/Containerization/Image/ImageStore/ImageStore+OCILayout.swift
index cf89b121..6a28f331 100644
--- a/Sources/Containerization/Image/ImageStore/ImageStore+OCILayout.swift
+++ b/Sources/Containerization/Image/ImageStore/ImageStore+OCILayout.swift
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ extension ImageStore {
             let image = try await self.get(reference: reference)
             let allowedMediaTypes = [MediaTypes.dockerManifestList, MediaTypes.index]
             guard allowedMediaTypes.contains(image.mediaType) else {
-                throw ContainerizationError(.internalError, message: "Cannot save image \(image.reference) with Index media type \(image.mediaType)")
+                throw ContainerizationError(.internalError, message: "cannot save image \(image.reference) with Index media type \(image.mediaType)")
             }
             toSave.append(image)
         }
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ extension ImageStore {
             let ref = try Reference.parse(image.reference)
             let name = ref.path
             guard let tag = ref.tag ?? ref.digest else {
-                throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "Invalid tag/digest for image reference \(image.reference)")
+                throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "invalid tag/digest for image reference \(image.reference)")
             }
             let operation = ExportOperation(name: name, tag: tag, contentStore: self.contentStore, client: client, progress: nil)
             var descriptor = try await operation.export(index: image.descriptor, platforms: matcher)
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ extension ImageStore {
                 return images
             }
             guard importedImages.count > 0 else {
-                throw ContainerizationError(.internalError, message: "Failed to import image")
+                throw ContainerizationError(.internalError, message: "failed to import image")
             }
             return importedImages
         } catch {
diff --git a/Sources/Containerization/Image/ImageStore/ImageStore+ReferenceManager.swift b/Sources/Containerization/Image/ImageStore/ImageStore+ReferenceManager.swift
index ccd35746..2ef6c832 100644
--- a/Sources/Containerization/Image/ImageStore/ImageStore+ReferenceManager.swift
+++ b/Sources/Containerization/Image/ImageStore/ImageStore+ReferenceManager.swift
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ extension ImageStore {
                 let data = try Data(contentsOf: statePath)
                 return try JSONDecoder().decode(State.self, from: data)
             } catch {
-                throw ContainerizationError(.internalError, message: "Failed to load image state \(error.localizedDescription)")
+                throw ContainerizationError(.internalError, message: "failed to load image state \(error.localizedDescription)")
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/Sources/Containerization/Image/ImageStore/ImageStore.swift b/Sources/Containerization/Image/ImageStore/ImageStore.swift
index 439ae868..fde673c7 100644
--- a/Sources/Containerization/Image/ImageStore/ImageStore.swift
+++ b/Sources/Containerization/Image/ImageStore/ImageStore.swift
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ extension ImageStore {
         do {
             _ = try Reference.parse(new)
         } catch {
-            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "Invalid reference \(new). Error: \(error)")
+            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "invalid reference \(new). Error: \(error)")
         }
         let newDescription = Image.Description(reference: new, descriptor: descriptor)
         return try await self.create(description: newDescription)
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ extension ImageStore {
         let ref = try Reference.parse(reference)
         let name = ref.path
         guard let tag = ref.tag ?? ref.digest else {
-            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "Invalid tag/digest for image reference \(reference)")
+            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "invalid tag/digest for image reference \(reference)")
         }
 
         let rootDescriptor = try await client.resolve(name: name, tag: tag)
@@ -282,12 +282,12 @@ extension ImageStore {
         let img = try await self.get(reference: reference)
         let allowedMediaTypes = [MediaTypes.dockerManifestList, MediaTypes.index]
         guard allowedMediaTypes.contains(img.mediaType) else {
-            throw ContainerizationError(.internalError, message: "Cannot push image \(reference) with Index media type \(img.mediaType)")
+            throw ContainerizationError(.internalError, message: "cannot push image \(reference) with Index media type \(img.mediaType)")
         }
         let ref = try Reference.parse(reference)
         let name = ref.path
         guard let tag = ref.tag ?? ref.digest else {
-            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "Invalid tag/digest for image reference \(reference)")
+            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "invalid tag/digest for image reference \(reference)")
         }
         let client = try RegistryClient(reference: reference, insecure: insecure, auth: auth)
         let operation = ExportOperation(name: name, tag: tag, contentStore: self.contentStore, client: client, progress: progress)
diff --git a/Sources/Containerization/Image/Unpacker/EXT4Unpacker.swift b/Sources/Containerization/Image/Unpacker/EXT4Unpacker.swift
index 865c868e..9c839ba9 100644
--- a/Sources/Containerization/Image/Unpacker/EXT4Unpacker.swift
+++ b/Sources/Containerization/Image/Unpacker/EXT4Unpacker.swift
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ public struct EXT4Unpacker: Unpacker {
         progress: ProgressHandler? = nil
     ) async throws -> Mount {
         #if !os(macOS)
-        throw ContainerizationError(.unsupported, message: "Cannot unpack an image on current platform")
+        throw ContainerizationError(.unsupported, message: "cannot unpack an image on current platform")
         #else
         let cleanedPath = try prepareUnpackPath(path: path)
         let manifest = try await image.manifest(for: platform)
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ public struct EXT4Unpacker: Unpacker {
             case MediaTypes.imageLayerGzip, MediaTypes.dockerImageLayerGzip:
                 compression = .gzip
             default:
-                throw ContainerizationError(.unsupported, message: "Media type \(layer.mediaType) not supported.")
+                throw ContainerizationError(.unsupported, message: "media type \(layer.mediaType) not supported.")
             }
             try filesystem.unpack(
                 source: content.path,
diff --git a/Sources/Containerization/LinuxProcess.swift b/Sources/Containerization/LinuxProcess.swift
index 9812fb72..1ff6dc86 100644
--- a/Sources/Containerization/LinuxProcess.swift
+++ b/Sources/Containerization/LinuxProcess.swift
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ extension LinuxProcess {
                 }
             }
         } catch {
-            self.logger?.error("Timeout waiting for IO to complete for process \(id): \(error)")
+            self.logger?.error("timeout waiting for IO to complete for process \(id): \(error)")
         }
         self.state.withLock {
             $0.ioTracker = nil
diff --git a/Sources/ContainerizationArchive/ArchiveError.swift b/Sources/ContainerizationArchive/ArchiveError.swift
index 7e059c10..f4a43d95 100644
--- a/Sources/ContainerizationArchive/ArchiveError.swift
+++ b/Sources/ContainerizationArchive/ArchiveError.swift
@@ -41,39 +41,39 @@ public enum ArchiveError: Error, CustomStringConvertible {
     public var description: String {
         switch self {
         case .unableToCreateArchive:
-            return "Unable to create an archive."
+            return "unable to create an archive."
         case .noUnderlyingArchive:
-            return "No underlying archive was provided."
+            return "no underlying archive was provided."
         case .noArchiveInCallback:
-            return "No archive was provided in the callback."
+            return "no archive was provided in the callback."
         case .noDelegateConfigured:
-            return "No delegate was configured."
+            return "no delegate was configured."
         case .delegateFreedBeforeCallback:
-            return "The delegate was freed before the callback was invoked."
+            return "the delegate was freed before the callback was invoked."
         case .unableToSetFormat(let code, let name):
-            return "Unable to set the archive format \(name), code \(code)"
+            return "unable to set the archive format \(name), code \(code)"
         case .unableToAddFilter(let code, let name):
-            return "Unable to set the archive filter \(name), code \(code)"
+            return "unable to set the archive filter \(name), code \(code)"
         case .unableToWriteEntryHeader(let code):
-            return "Unable to write the entry header to the archive. Error code \(code)"
+            return "unable to write the entry header to the archive. Error code \(code)"
         case .unableToWriteData(let code):
-            return "Unable to write data to the archive. Error code \(code)"
+            return "unable to write data to the archive. Error code \(code)"
         case .unableToCloseArchive(let code):
-            return "Unable to close the archive. Error code \(code)"
+            return "unable to close the archive. Error code \(code)"
         case .unableToOpenArchive(let code):
-            return "Unable to open the archive. Error code \(code)"
+            return "unable to open the archive. Error code \(code)"
         case .unableToSetOption(_):
-            return "Unable to set an option on the archive."
+            return "unable to set an option on the archive."
         case .failedToSetLocale(let locales):
-            return "Failed to set locale to \(locales)"
+            return "failed to set locale to \(locales)"
         case .failedToGetProperty(let path, let propertyName):
-            return "Failed to read property \(propertyName) from file at path \(path)"
+            return "failed to read property \(propertyName) from file at path \(path)"
         case .failedToDetectFilter:
-            return "Failed to detect filter from archive."
+            return "failed to detect filter from archive."
         case .failedToDetectFormat:
-            return "Failed to detect format from archive."
+            return "failed to detect format from archive."
         case .failedToExtractArchive(let reason):
-            return "Failed to extract archive: \(reason)"
+            return "failed to extract archive: \(reason)"
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/Sources/ContainerizationArchive/Reader.swift b/Sources/ContainerizationArchive/Reader.swift
index 8141b9f7..a6c2e717 100644
--- a/Sources/ContainerizationArchive/Reader.swift
+++ b/Sources/ContainerizationArchive/Reader.swift
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ extension ArchiveReader {
             }
         }
         guard foundEntry else {
-            throw ArchiveError.failedToExtractArchive("No entries found in archive")
+            throw ArchiveError.failedToExtractArchive("no entries found in archive")
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/Sources/ContainerizationEXT4/EXT4Reader+IO.swift b/Sources/ContainerizationEXT4/EXT4Reader+IO.swift
index 0f80c812..a1b1e114 100644
--- a/Sources/ContainerizationEXT4/EXT4Reader+IO.swift
+++ b/Sources/ContainerizationEXT4/EXT4Reader+IO.swift
@@ -28,12 +28,12 @@ extension EXT4 {
 
         public var description: String {
             switch self {
-            case .notFound(let p): return "No such file or directory: \(p)"
-            case .notAFile(let p): return "Not a regular file: \(p)"
-            case .isDirectory(let p): return "Is a directory: \(p)"
-            case .notADirectory(let p): return "Not a directory: \(p)"
-            case .symlinkLoop(let p): return "Symlink loop while resolving: \(p)"
-            case .invalidPath(let p): return "Invalid path: \(p)"
+            case .notFound(let p): return "no such file or directory: \(p)"
+            case .notAFile(let p): return "not a regular file: \(p)"
+            case .isDirectory(let p): return "is a directory: \(p)"
+            case .notADirectory(let p): return "not a directory: \(p)"
+            case .symlinkLoop(let p): return "symlink loop while resolving: \(p)"
+            case .invalidPath(let p): return "invalid path: \(p)"
             }
         }
     }
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ extension EXT4.EXT4Reader {
     /// Validate that a physical block address is within device bounds
     private func validateBlockAddress(_ block: UInt32) throws {
         guard UInt64(block) < totalBlocks else {
-            throw EXT4.PathIOError.invalidPath("Block address \(block) exceeds device bounds (\(totalBlocks) blocks)")
+            throw EXT4.PathIOError.invalidPath("block address \(block) exceeds device bounds (\(totalBlocks) blocks)")
         }
     }
 
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ extension EXT4.EXT4Reader {
                 if bytesWritten > 0 {
                     return bytesWritten
                 }
-                throw EXT4.PathIOError.invalidPath("Failed to seek to offset \(absoluteByteOffset): \(error)")
+                throw EXT4.PathIOError.invalidPath("failed to seek to offset \(absoluteByteOffset): \(error)")
             }
 
             while remaining > 0 && bytesWritten < desiredBytes {
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ extension EXT4.EXT4Reader {
                 // Read symlink target
                 let linkBytes = try readFileFromInode(inodeNum: child.1)
                 guard let linkTarget = String(data: linkBytes, encoding: .utf8), !linkTarget.isEmpty else {
-                    throw EXT4.PathIOError.invalidPath("Empty symlink target")
+                    throw EXT4.PathIOError.invalidPath("empty symlink target")
                 }
 
                 // Parse symlink target into components
@@ -517,7 +517,7 @@ extension EXT4.EXT4Reader {
                     // Return partial data that was successfully read
                     return out
                 }
-                throw EXT4.PathIOError.invalidPath("Failed to seek to offset \(absByteOffset): \(error)")
+                throw EXT4.PathIOError.invalidPath("failed to seek to offset \(absByteOffset): \(error)")
             }
 
             var left = ovlLen
diff --git a/Sources/ContainerizationError/ContainerizationError.swift b/Sources/ContainerizationError/ContainerizationError.swift
index 9c769ca8..5a50d0d1 100644
--- a/Sources/ContainerizationError/ContainerizationError.swift
+++ b/Sources/ContainerizationError/ContainerizationError.swift
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ extension ContainerizationError {
 
             let match = values[rawValue]
             guard let match else {
-                fatalError("invalid Code Value \(rawValue)")
+                fatalError("invalid code value \(rawValue)")
             }
             self.value = match
         }
diff --git a/Sources/ContainerizationOCI/Client/LocalOCILayoutClient.swift b/Sources/ContainerizationOCI/Client/LocalOCILayoutClient.swift
index 299ec60e..b843133d 100644
--- a/Sources/ContainerizationOCI/Client/LocalOCILayoutClient.swift
+++ b/Sources/ContainerizationOCI/Client/LocalOCILayoutClient.swift
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ package final class LocalOCILayoutClient: ContentClient {
                     throw ContainerizationError(
                         .internalError,
                         message:
-                            "File \(filePath) exists but contains different content. Expected digest: \(expectedDigest.digestString), existing digest: \(existingDigest.digestString)"
+                            "file \(filePath) exists but contains different content. expected digest: \(expectedDigest.digestString), existing digest: \(existingDigest.digestString)"
                     )
                 }
 
diff --git a/Sources/ContainerizationOCI/Client/RegistryClient+Fetch.swift b/Sources/ContainerizationOCI/Client/RegistryClient+Fetch.swift
index 7e15ad45..d1128238 100644
--- a/Sources/ContainerizationOCI/Client/RegistryClient+Fetch.swift
+++ b/Sources/ContainerizationOCI/Client/RegistryClient+Fetch.swift
@@ -55,19 +55,19 @@ extension RegistryClient {
             }
 
             guard let digest = response.headers.first(name: "Docker-Content-Digest") else {
-                throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "Missing required header Docker-Content-Digest")
+                throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "missing required header Docker-Content-Digest")
             }
 
             guard let type = response.headers.first(name: "Content-Type") else {
-                throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "Missing required header Content-Type")
+                throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "missing required header Content-Type")
             }
 
             guard let sizeStr = response.headers.first(name: "Content-Length") else {
-                throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "Missing required header Content-Length")
+                throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "missing required header Content-Length")
             }
 
             guard let size = Int64(sizeStr) else {
-                throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "Cannot convert \(sizeStr) to Int64")
+                throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "cannot convert \(sizeStr) to Int64")
             }
 
             return Descriptor(mediaType: type, digest: digest, size: size)
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ extension RegistryClient {
 
         let mediaType = descriptor.mediaType
         if mediaType.isEmpty {
-            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "Missing media type for descriptor \(descriptor.digest)")
+            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "missing media type for descriptor \(descriptor.digest)")
         }
 
         let headers = [
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ extension RegistryClient {
 
         let mediaType = descriptor.mediaType
         if mediaType.isEmpty {
-            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "Missing media type for descriptor \(descriptor.digest)")
+            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "missing media type for descriptor \(descriptor.digest)")
         }
 
         let headers = [
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ extension RegistryClient {
 
         let mediaType = descriptor.mediaType
         if mediaType.isEmpty {
-            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "Missing media type for descriptor \(descriptor.digest)")
+            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "missing media type for descriptor \(descriptor.digest)")
         }
 
         let headers = [
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ extension RegistryClient {
 
             // How many bytes to expect
             guard let expectedBytes = response.headers.first(name: "Content-Length").flatMap(Int64.init) else {
-                throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "Missing required header Content-Length")
+                throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "missing required header Content-Length")
             }
 
             try await closure(expectedBytes, response.body)
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ extension RegistryClient {
                     guard written == readBytes else {
                         throw ContainerizationError(
                             .internalError,
-                            message: "Could not write \(readBytes) bytes to file \(file)"
+                            message: "could not write \(readBytes) bytes to file \(file)"
                         )
                     }
                     hasher.update(data: buf.readableBytesView)
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ extension RegistryClient {
         var hasher = SHA256()
         var received: Int64 = 0
         guard FileManager.default.createFile(atPath: file.path, contents: nil) else {
-            throw ContainerizationError(.internalError, message: "Cannot create file at path \(file.path)")
+            throw ContainerizationError(.internalError, message: "cannot create file at path \(file.path)")
         }
         try await self.fetchBlob(name: name, descriptor: descriptor) { (size, body) in
             let fd = try FileHandle(forWritingTo: file)
diff --git a/Sources/ContainerizationOCI/Client/RegistryClient+Push.swift b/Sources/ContainerizationOCI/Client/RegistryClient+Push.swift
index 4225e751..00a53c10 100644
--- a/Sources/ContainerizationOCI/Client/RegistryClient+Push.swift
+++ b/Sources/ContainerizationOCI/Client/RegistryClient+Push.swift
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ extension RegistryClient {
 
         let mediaType = descriptor.mediaType
         if mediaType.isEmpty {
-            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "Missing media type for descriptor \(descriptor.digest)")
+            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "missing media type for descriptor \(descriptor.digest)")
         }
 
         var isManifest = false
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ extension RegistryClient {
                 }
 
                 if exists {
-                    throw ContainerizationError(.exists, message: "Content already exists \(descriptor.digest)")
+                    throw ContainerizationError(.exists, message: "content already exists \(descriptor.digest)")
                 }
             } else if response.status != .notFound {
                 let url = components.url?.absoluteString ?? "unknown"
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ extension RegistryClient {
                 case .ok, .accepted, .noContent:
                     break
                 case .created:
-                    throw ContainerizationError(.exists, message: "Content already exists \(descriptor.digest)")
+                    throw ContainerizationError(.exists, message: "content already exists \(descriptor.digest)")
                 default:
                     let url = components.url?.absoluteString ?? "unknown"
                     let reason = await ErrorResponse.fromResponseBody(response.body)?.jsonString
@@ -120,11 +120,11 @@ extension RegistryClient {
 
                 // Get the location to upload the blob.
                 guard let location = response.headers.first(name: "Location") else {
-                    throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "Missing required header Location")
+                    throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "missing required header Location")
                 }
 
                 guard let urlComponents = URLComponents(string: location) else {
-                    throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "Invalid url \(location)")
+                    throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "invalid url \(location)")
                 }
                 var queryItems = urlComponents.queryItems ?? []
                 queryItems.append(URLQueryItem(name: "digest", value: descriptor.digest))
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ extension RegistryClient {
 
             guard descriptor.digest == response.headers.first(name: "Docker-Content-Digest") else {
                 let required = response.headers.first(name: "Docker-Content-Digest") ?? ""
-                throw ContainerizationError(.internalError, message: "Digest mismatch \(descriptor.digest) != \(required)")
+                throw ContainerizationError(.internalError, message: "digest mismatch \(descriptor.digest) != \(required)")
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/Sources/ContainerizationOCI/Client/RegistryClient+Token.swift b/Sources/ContainerizationOCI/Client/RegistryClient+Token.swift
index e0cd9c37..47ff0d2d 100644
--- a/Sources/ContainerizationOCI/Client/RegistryClient+Token.swift
+++ b/Sources/ContainerizationOCI/Client/RegistryClient+Token.swift
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ extension RegistryClient {
     /// See https://docs.docker.com/registry/spec/auth/token/
     internal func fetchToken(request: TokenRequest) async throws -> TokenResponse {
         guard var components = URLComponents(string: request.realm) else {
-            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "Cannot create URL from \(request.realm)")
+            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "cannot create URL from \(request.realm)")
         }
         components.queryItems = [
             URLQueryItem(name: "client_id", value: request.clientId),
@@ -161,13 +161,13 @@ extension RegistryClient {
         let parsedHeaders = Self.parseWWWAuthenticateHeaders(headers: authenticateHeaders)
         let bearerChallenge = parsedHeaders.first { $0.type == "Bearer" }
         guard let bearerChallenge else {
-            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "Missing Bearer challenge in \(TokenRequest.authenticateHeaderName) header")
+            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "missing Bearer challenge in \(TokenRequest.authenticateHeaderName) header")
         }
         guard let realm = bearerChallenge.realm else {
-            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "Cannot parse realm from \(TokenRequest.authenticateHeaderName) header")
+            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "cannot parse realm from \(TokenRequest.authenticateHeaderName) header")
         }
         guard let service = bearerChallenge.service else {
-            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "Cannot parse service from \(TokenRequest.authenticateHeaderName) header")
+            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "cannot parse service from \(TokenRequest.authenticateHeaderName) header")
         }
         let scope = bearerChallenge.scope
         let tokenRequest = TokenRequest(realm: realm, service: service, clientId: self.clientID, scope: scope, authentication: self.authentication)
diff --git a/Sources/ContainerizationOCI/Client/RegistryClient.swift b/Sources/ContainerizationOCI/Client/RegistryClient.swift
index a488662e..db4c497f 100644
--- a/Sources/ContainerizationOCI/Client/RegistryClient.swift
+++ b/Sources/ContainerizationOCI/Client/RegistryClient.swift
@@ -70,15 +70,15 @@ public final class RegistryClient: ContentClient {
     ) throws {
         let ref = try Reference.parse(reference)
         guard let domain = ref.resolvedDomain else {
-            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "Invalid domain for image reference \(reference)")
+            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "invalid domain for image reference \(reference)")
         }
         let scheme = insecure ? "http" : "https"
         let _url = "\(scheme)://\(domain)"
         guard let url = URL(string: _url) else {
-            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "Cannot convert \(_url) to URL")
+            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "cannot convert \(_url) to URL")
         }
         guard let host = url.host else {
-            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "Invalid host \(domain)")
+            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "invalid host \(domain)")
         }
         let port = url.port
         self.init(
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ public final class RegistryClient: ContentClient {
         closure: (HTTPClientResponse) async throws -> T
     ) async throws -> T {
         guard let path = components.url?.absoluteString else {
-            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "Invalid url \(components.path)")
+            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "invalid url \(components.path)")
         }
 
         var request = HTTPClientRequest(url: path)
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ public final class RegistryClient: ContentClient {
                     do {
                         let _currentToken = try await fetchToken(request: tokenRequest)
                         guard let token = _currentToken.getToken() else {
-                            throw ContainerizationError(.internalError, message: "Failed to fetch Bearer token")
+                            throw ContainerizationError(.internalError, message: "failed to fetch Bearer token")
                         }
                         currentToken = _currentToken
                         request.headers.replaceOrAdd(name: "Authorization", value: token)
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ public final class RegistryClient: ContentClient {
                             throw err
                         }
                         if status == .unauthorized || status == .forbidden {
-                            throw RegistryClient.Error.invalidStatus(url: path, _response.status, reason: "Access denied or wrong credentials")
+                            throw RegistryClient.Error.invalidStatus(url: path, _response.status, reason: "access denied or wrong credentials")
                         }
 
                         throw err
@@ -225,9 +225,9 @@ public final class RegistryClient: ContentClient {
                     if err.errorCode == kDNSServiceErr_NoSuchRecord {
                         let message: String
                         if let proxyURL = self.proxyURL, let proxyHost = proxyURL.host {
-                            message = "Failed to resolve either repository hostname \(host()) or proxy hostname \(proxyHost)"
+                            message = "failed to resolve either repository hostname \(host()) or proxy hostname \(proxyHost)"
                         } else {
-                            message = "Failed to resolve either repository hostname \(host())"
+                            message = "failed to resolve either repository hostname \(host())"
                         }
                         throw ContainerizationError(.internalError, message: message)
                     }
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ public final class RegistryClient: ContentClient {
             }
         }
         guard let response else {
-            throw ContainerizationError(.internalError, message: "Invalid response")
+            throw ContainerizationError(.internalError, message: "invalid response")
         }
         return try await closure(response)
     }
diff --git a/Sources/ContainerizationOCI/Content/ContentWriter.swift b/Sources/ContainerizationOCI/Content/ContentWriter.swift
index 531e7e0d..f6e330a0 100644
--- a/Sources/ContainerizationOCI/Content/ContentWriter.swift
+++ b/Sources/ContainerizationOCI/Content/ContentWriter.swift
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ public class ContentWriter {
         let exists = FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: base.path, isDirectory: &isDirectory)
 
         guard exists && isDirectory.boolValue else {
-            throw ContainerizationError(.internalError, message: "Cannot create ContentWriter for path \(base.absolutePath()). Not a directory")
+            throw ContainerizationError(.internalError, message: "cannot create ContentWriter for path \(base.absolutePath()). Not a directory")
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/Sources/ContainerizationOCI/Content/LocalContent.swift b/Sources/ContainerizationOCI/Content/LocalContent.swift
index 7afba0c6..16c56f74 100644
--- a/Sources/ContainerizationOCI/Content/LocalContent.swift
+++ b/Sources/ContainerizationOCI/Content/LocalContent.swift
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ public final class LocalContent: Content {
 
     public init(path: URL) throws {
         guard FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: path.path) else {
-            throw ContainerizationError(.notFound, message: "Content at path \(path.absolutePath())")
+            throw ContainerizationError(.notFound, message: "content at path \(path.absolutePath())")
         }
 
         self.file = try FileHandle(forReadingFrom: path)
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ public final class LocalContent: Content {
         if let size = fileAttrs[FileAttributeKey.size] as? UInt64 {
             return size
         }
-        throw ContainerizationError(.internalError, message: "Could not determine file size for \(path.absolutePath())")
+        throw ContainerizationError(.internalError, message: "could not determine file size for \(path.absolutePath())")
     }
 
     public func decode<T>() throws -> T where T: Decodable {
diff --git a/Sources/ContainerizationOCI/Content/LocalContentStore.swift b/Sources/ContainerizationOCI/Content/LocalContentStore.swift
index 126a42ca..0c742498 100644
--- a/Sources/ContainerizationOCI/Content/LocalContentStore.swift
+++ b/Sources/ContainerizationOCI/Content/LocalContentStore.swift
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ public actor LocalContentStore: ContentStore {
     @discardableResult
     public func completeIngestSession(_ id: String) async throws -> [String] {
         guard await activeIngestSessions.contains(id) else {
-            throw ContainerizationError(.internalError, message: "Invalid session id \(id)")
+            throw ContainerizationError(.internalError, message: "invalid session id \(id)")
         }
         await activeIngestSessions.remove(id)
         let temporaryPath = self._ingestPath.appendingPathComponent(id)
diff --git a/Sources/ContainerizationOCI/Platform.swift b/Sources/ContainerizationOCI/Platform.swift
index 6d0de08d..9ce8e338 100644
--- a/Sources/ContainerizationOCI/Platform.swift
+++ b/Sources/ContainerizationOCI/Platform.swift
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ public struct Platform: Sendable, Equatable {
     public init(from platform: String) throws {
         let items = platform.split(separator: "/", maxSplits: 1)
         guard let osValue = items.first else {
-            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "Missing OS in \(platform)")
+            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "missing OS in \(platform)")
         }
         switch osValue {
         case "linux":
@@ -115,18 +115,18 @@ public struct Platform: Sendable, Equatable {
         case "windows":
             _rawOS = osValue.description
         default:
-            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "Unknown OS in \(osValue)")
+            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "unknown OS in \(osValue)")
         }
         guard items.count > 1 else {
-            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "Missing architecture in \(platform)")
+            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "missing architecture in \(platform)")
         }
 
         guard let archItems = items.last?.split(separator: "/", maxSplits: 1, omittingEmptySubsequences: false) else {
-            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "Missing architecture in \(platform)")
+            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "missing architecture in \(platform)")
         }
 
         guard let archName = archItems.first else {
-            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "Missing architecture in \(platform)")
+            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "missing architecture in \(platform)")
         }
 
         switch archName {
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ public struct Platform: Sendable, Equatable {
 
         if archItems.count == 2 {
             guard let archVariant = archItems.last else {
-                throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "Missing variant in \(platform)")
+                throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "missing variant in \(platform)")
             }
 
             switch archName {
@@ -153,40 +153,40 @@ public struct Platform: Sendable, Equatable {
                 case "v5", "v6", "v7", "v8":
                     variant = archVariant.description
                 default:
-                    throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "Invalid variant \(archVariant)")
+                    throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "invalid variant \(archVariant)")
                 }
             case "armhf":
                 switch archVariant {
                 case "v7":
                     variant = "v7"
                 default:
-                    throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "Invalid variant \(archVariant)")
+                    throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "invalid variant \(archVariant)")
                 }
             case "armel":
                 switch archVariant {
                 case "v6":
                     variant = "v6"
                 default:
-                    throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "Invalid variant \(archVariant)")
+                    throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "invalid variant \(archVariant)")
                 }
             case "aarch64", "arm64":
                 switch archVariant {
                 case "v8", "8":
                     variant = "v8"
                 default:
-                    throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "Invalid variant \(archVariant)")
+                    throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "invalid variant \(archVariant)")
                 }
             case "x86_64", "x86-64", "amd64":
                 switch archVariant {
                 case "v1":
                     variant = nil
                 default:
-                    throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "Invalid variant \(archVariant)")
+                    throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "invalid variant \(archVariant)")
                 }
             case "i386", "386", "ppc64le", "riscv64":
-                throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "Invalid variant \(archVariant)")
+                throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "invalid variant \(archVariant)")
             default:
-                throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "Invalid variant \(archVariant)")
+                throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "invalid variant \(archVariant)")
             }
         }
     }
@@ -302,11 +302,11 @@ extension Platform: Codable {
         let container = try decoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)
         let architecture = try container.decodeIfPresent(String.self, forKey: .architecture)
         guard let architecture else {
-            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "Missing architecture")
+            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "missing architecture")
         }
         let os = try container.decodeIfPresent(String.self, forKey: .os)
         guard let os else {
-            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "Missing OS")
+            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "missing OS")
         }
         let variant = try container.decodeIfPresent(String.self, forKey: .variant)
         self.init(arch: architecture, os: os, variant: variant)
diff --git a/Sources/ContainerizationOCI/Reference.swift b/Sources/ContainerizationOCI/Reference.swift
index d5b21086..c4a7d8cf 100644
--- a/Sources/ContainerizationOCI/Reference.swift
+++ b/Sources/ContainerizationOCI/Reference.swift
@@ -105,12 +105,12 @@ public class Reference: CustomStringConvertible {
 
     public static func parse(_ s: String) throws -> Reference {
         if s.count > referenceTotalLengthMax {
-            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "Reference length \(s.count) greater than \(referenceTotalLengthMax)")
+            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "reference length \(s.count) greater than \(referenceTotalLengthMax)")
         }
 
         let identifierRegex = try Regex(Self.identifierPattern)
         guard try identifierRegex.wholeMatch(in: s) == nil else {
-            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "Cannot specify 64 byte hex string as reference")
+            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "cannot specify 64 byte hex string as reference")
         }
 
         let (domain, remainder) = try Self.parseDomain(from: s)
@@ -118,17 +118,17 @@ public class Reference: CustomStringConvertible {
         if let domain {
             let domainRegex = try Regex(domainPattern)
             guard try domainRegex.wholeMatch(in: domain) != nil else {
-                throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "Invalid domain \(domain) for reference \(s)")
+                throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "invalid domain \(domain) for reference \(s)")
             }
         }
         let fields = try constructedRawReference.matches(regex: pathTagPattern)
         guard let path = fields["path"] else {
-            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "Cannot parse path for reference \(s)")
+            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "cannot parse path for reference \(s)")
         }
 
         let ref = try Reference(path: path, domain: domain)
         if ref.name.count > nameTotalLengthMax {
-            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "Repo length \(ref.name.count) greater than \(nameTotalLengthMax)")
+            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "repo length \(ref.name.count) greater than \(nameTotalLengthMax)")
         }
 
         // Extract tag and digest
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ public class Reference: CustomStringConvertible {
 
     public static func withName(_ name: String) throws -> Reference {
         if name.count > nameTotalLengthMax {
-            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "Name length \(name.count) greater than \(nameTotalLengthMax)")
+            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "name length \(name.count) greater than \(nameTotalLengthMax)")
         }
         let fields = try name.matches(regex: Self.domainPattern)
         // Extract domain and path
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ public class Reference: CustomStringConvertible {
         let path = fields["path"] ?? ""
 
         if domain.isEmpty || path.isEmpty {
-            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "Image reference domain or path is empty")
+            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "image reference domain or path is empty")
         }
 
         return try Reference(path: path, domain: domain)
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ public class Reference: CustomStringConvertible {
         tag = fields["tag"] ?? ""
 
         if tag.isEmpty {
-            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "Invalid format for image reference. Missing tag")
+            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "invalid format for image reference. Missing tag")
         }
         return try Reference(path: self.path, domain: self.domain, tag: tag)
     }
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ public class Reference: CustomStringConvertible {
         digest = fields["digest"] ?? ""
 
         if digest.isEmpty {
-            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "Invalid format for image reference. Missing digest")
+            throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "invalid format for image reference. Missing digest")
         }
         return try Reference(path: self.path, domain: self.domain, digest: digest)
     }
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ extension String {
             let regex = try NSRegularExpression(pattern: regex, options: [])
             let nsRange = NSRange(self.startIndex..<self.endIndex, in: self)
             guard let match = regex.firstMatch(in: self, options: [], range: nsRange), match.range == nsRange else {
-                throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "Invalid format for image reference")
+                throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "invalid format for image reference")
             }
             var results = [String: String]()
             for name in try regex.captureGroupNames() {
diff --git a/Sources/ContainerizationOS/Socket/Socket.swift b/Sources/ContainerizationOS/Socket/Socket.swift
index 28a8bb49..04017b66 100644
--- a/Sources/ContainerizationOS/Socket/Socket.swift
+++ b/Sources/ContainerizationOS/Socket/Socket.swift
@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ extension Socket {
                 sysRead(handle.fileDescriptor, baseAddress, bufferSize)
             }
             if bytesRead < 0 {
-                throw Socket.errnoToError(msg: "Error reading from connection")
+                throw Socket.errnoToError(msg: "error reading from connection")
             } else if bytesRead == 0 {
                 throw SocketError.closed
             }
diff --git a/Sources/ContainerizationOS/User.swift b/Sources/ContainerizationOS/User.swift
index 719c715f..28f42239 100644
--- a/Sources/ContainerizationOS/User.swift
+++ b/Sources/ContainerizationOS/User.swift
@@ -57,13 +57,13 @@ public enum User {
         init(rawString: String) throws {
             let args = rawString.split(separator: ":", omittingEmptySubsequences: false)
             guard args.count == 7 else {
-                throw Error.parseError("Cannot parse User from '\(rawString)'")
+                throw Error.parseError("cannot parse User from '\(rawString)'")
             }
             guard let uid = UInt32(args[2]) else {
-                throw Error.parseError("Cannot parse uid from '\(args[2])'")
+                throw Error.parseError("cannot parse uid from '\(args[2])'")
             }
             guard let gid = UInt32(args[3]) else {
-                throw Error.parseError("Cannot parse gid from '\(args[3])'")
+                throw Error.parseError("cannot parse gid from '\(args[3])'")
             }
             self.name = String(args[0])
             self.password = String(args[1])
@@ -86,10 +86,10 @@ public enum User {
         init(rawString: String) throws {
             let args = rawString.split(separator: ":", omittingEmptySubsequences: false)
             guard args.count == 4 else {
-                throw Error.parseError("Cannot parse Group from '\(rawString)'")
+                throw Error.parseError("cannot parse Group from '\(rawString)'")
             }
             guard let gid = UInt32(args[2]) else {
-                throw Error.parseError("Cannot parse gid from '\(args[2])'")
+                throw Error.parseError("cannot parse gid from '\(args[2])'")
             }
             self.name = String(args[0])
             self.password = String(args[1])
diff --git a/Sources/cctl/ImageCommand.swift b/Sources/cctl/ImageCommand.swift
index afc413ae..793a3790 100644
--- a/Sources/cctl/ImageCommand.swift
+++ b/Sources/cctl/ImageCommand.swift
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ extension Application {
                     return
                 }
                 guard !FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: unpackPath) else {
-                    throw ContainerizationError(.exists, message: "Directory already exists at \(unpackPath)")
+                    throw ContainerizationError(.exists, message: "directory already exists at \(unpackPath)")
                 }
                 let unpackUrl = URL(filePath: unpackPath)
                 try FileManager.default.createDirectory(at: unpackUrl, withIntermediateDirectories: true)
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ extension Application {
             var authentication: Authentication?
             let ref = try Reference.parse(ref)
             guard let host = ref.resolvedDomain else {
-                throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "No host specified in image reference")
+                throw ContainerizationError(.invalidArgument, message: "no host specified in image reference")
             }
             authentication = Self.authenticationFromEnv(host: host)
             if let authentication {
diff --git a/Sources/cctl/KernelCommand.swift b/Sources/cctl/KernelCommand.swift
index b538910e..ca18755f 100644
--- a/Sources/cctl/KernelCommand.swift
+++ b/Sources/cctl/KernelCommand.swift
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ extension Application {
                 for rawBinary in kernels {
                     let parts = rawBinary.split(separator: ":")
                     guard parts.count == 2 else {
-                        throw "Invalid binary format: \(rawBinary)"
+                        throw "invalid binary format: \(rawBinary)"
                     }
                     let platform: SystemPlatform
                     switch parts[1] {
diff --git a/Tests/ContainerizationOCITests/RegistryClientTests.swift b/Tests/ContainerizationOCITests/RegistryClientTests.swift
index e7a42fa5..cebcb57c 100644
--- a/Tests/ContainerizationOCITests/RegistryClientTests.swift
+++ b/Tests/ContainerizationOCITests/RegistryClientTests.swift
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ struct OCIClientTests: ~Copyable {
             throw error!
         }
         #expect(status == .unauthorized)
-        #expect(reason == "Access denied or wrong credentials")
+        #expect(reason == "access denied or wrong credentials")
     }
 
     @Test(.enabled(if: hasRegistryCredentials))