diff --git a/graphify/__main__.py b/graphify/__main__.py
index d379a8e72..2b2f44dd7 100644
--- a/graphify/__main__.py
+++ b/graphify/__main__.py
@@ -994,7 +994,7 @@ def _run_cli() -> None:
         print("                          (or set NEO4J_PASSWORD instead of --password to keep it off argv)")
         print("  export falkordb         emit Cypher or push to FalkorDB [--graph PATH] [--push URI] [--user U] [--password P]")
         print("                          (or set FALKORDB_PASSWORD instead of --password to keep it off argv)")
-        print("  hook install            install post-commit/post-checkout/post-merge git hooks (all platforms)")
+        print("  hook install            install post-commit/post-checkout/post-merge/post-rewrite git hooks (all platforms)")
         print("  hook uninstall          remove git hooks")
         print("  hook status             check if git hooks are installed")
         print(
diff --git a/graphify/hooks.py b/graphify/hooks.py
index 05d3b28d7..cd0727190 100644
--- a/graphify/hooks.py
+++ b/graphify/hooks.py
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ _CHECKOUT_MARKER = "# graphify-checkout-hook-start"
 _CHECKOUT_MARKER_END = "# graphify-checkout-hook-end"
 _MERGE_HOOK_MARKER = "# graphify-merge-hook-start"
 _MERGE_HOOK_MARKER_END = "# graphify-merge-hook-end"
+_REWRITE_HOOK_MARKER = "# graphify-rewrite-hook-start"
+_REWRITE_HOOK_MARKER_END = "# graphify-rewrite-hook-end"
 
 # __PINNED_PYTHON__ is replaced at install time with the absolute path of the
 # Python interpreter that ran `graphify hook install`.  For uv-tool and pipx
@@ -438,22 +440,55 @@ if [ -n "${WINDIR:-}" ] || [ -n "${MSYSTEM:-}" ]; then
     export GRAPHIFY_MAX_WORKERS="${GRAPHIFY_MAX_WORKERS:-1}"
 fi
 
-# Skip during rebase/merge/cherry-pick to avoid blocking --continue with unstaged changes
+# Skip during a rebase or merge to avoid blocking --continue with unstaged changes
 # git exports GIT_DIR to hooks; the rev-parse fallback only runs when invoked by
 # hand (each git exec costs 1s+ on AV-scanned Windows machines).
 GIT_DIR=${GIT_DIR:-$(git rev-parse --git-dir 2>/dev/null)}
 [ -d "$GIT_DIR/rebase-merge" ] && exit 0
 [ -d "$GIT_DIR/rebase-apply" ] && exit 0
 [ -f "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_HEAD" ] && exit 0
-[ -f "$GIT_DIR/CHERRY_PICK_HEAD" ] && exit 0
-
 [ "${GRAPHIFY_SKIP_HOOK:-0}" = "1" ] && exit 0
 
 """ + _WORKTREE_GUARD + """
+# CHERRY_PICK_HEAD can't be the skip signal: git leaves it on disk while post-commit
+# runs, so every pick was silenced (#4490, same trap as MERGE_HEAD in #4463). For a
+# range pick or revert, skip every step but the last and rebuild once from
+# sequencer/head, so a tracked graph.json isn't rewritten between steps. sequencer/ is
+# trusted only when its first todo line is the commit just made; a stale one left by
+# `git reset --hard` would otherwise silence every later commit.
+_GFY_SEQ_BASE=""
+if [ -f "$GIT_DIR/sequencer/todo" ]; then
+    IFS= read -r _GFY_FIRST < "$GIT_DIR/sequencer/todo"
+    _GFY_VERB=${_GFY_FIRST%% *}
+    _GFY_REST=${_GFY_FIRST#* }
+    case "$_GFY_REST" in
+        *" "*) _GFY_SUBJ=${_GFY_REST#* } ;;
+        *)     _GFY_SUBJ="" ;;
+    esac
+    _GFY_SEQ_LIVE=0
+    _GFY_Q='"'
+    case "$_GFY_VERB" in
+        pick)   [ "$(git log -1 --format=%s 2>/dev/null)" = "$_GFY_SUBJ" ] && _GFY_SEQ_LIVE=1 ;;
+        revert) [ "$(git log -1 --format=%s 2>/dev/null)" = "Revert ${_GFY_Q}${_GFY_SUBJ}${_GFY_Q}" ] && _GFY_SEQ_LIVE=1 ;;
+    esac
+    if [ "$_GFY_SEQ_LIVE" = "1" ]; then
+        _GFY_PENDING=0
+        while IFS= read -r _GFY_STEP || [ -n "$_GFY_STEP" ]; do
+            [ -n "$_GFY_STEP" ] && _GFY_PENDING=$((_GFY_PENDING + 1))
+        done < "$GIT_DIR/sequencer/todo"
+        [ "$_GFY_PENDING" -gt 1 ] && exit 0
+        [ -f "$GIT_DIR/sequencer/head" ] && IFS= read -r _GFY_SEQ_BASE < "$GIT_DIR/sequencer/head"
+    fi
+fi
+
 # core.quotePath=false: by default git prints a non-ASCII path as a quoted
 # octal-escaped string, which matches no file on disk, so the edit was silently
 # left out of the rebuild. Names git still quotes are decoded in the rebuild.
 CHANGED=$(git -c core.quotePath=false diff --name-only HEAD~1 HEAD 2>/dev/null || git -c core.quotePath=false diff --name-only HEAD 2>/dev/null)
+# Last pick of a range: cover every commit picked since the sequence began, not only this one.
+if [ -n "$_GFY_SEQ_BASE" ]; then
+    CHANGED=$(git -c core.quotePath=false diff --name-only "$_GFY_SEQ_BASE" HEAD 2>/dev/null)
+fi
 if [ -z "$CHANGED" ]; then
     exit 0
 fi
@@ -608,6 +643,58 @@ echo "[graphify] Merge completed - launching background rebuild (log: $_GRAPHIFY
 """
 
 
+_REWRITE_SCRIPT = """\
+# graphify-rewrite-hook-start
+# Auto-rebuilds the knowledge graph (code only) when a rebase finishes, including
+# `git pull --rebase`. post-commit cannot cover it: it skips while rebase-merge/
+# exists, and every replayed commit is made under it. git runs post-rewrite once,
+# after the last commit, with the tree in its final state (#4490).
+# Installed by: graphify hook install
+(
+
+# Deterministic clustering: networkx louvain iterates string-keyed sets whose
+# order is randomized per-process by PYTHONHASHSEED, so community assignments
+# churn run-to-run. Pinning it makes graphify-out reproducible.
+export PYTHONHASHSEED=0
+__VIZ_LIMIT_EXPORT__
+# Git for Windows/MSYS hooks can inherit fragile pipe handles from GUI clients
+# and agent shells. Keep hook-triggered rebuilds sequential by default there;
+# explicit GRAPHIFY_MAX_WORKERS still wins for users who want parallelism.
+if [ -n "${WINDIR:-}" ] || [ -n "${MSYSTEM:-}" ]; then
+    export GRAPHIFY_MAX_WORKERS="${GRAPHIFY_MAX_WORKERS:-1}"
+fi
+
+# git writes the old/new sha pairs of the rewritten commits to stdin; drain them so
+# git never blocks on a full pipe. Skipped when run by hand, where stdin is a terminal.
+[ -t 0 ] || cat >/dev/null
+
+# $1 is "rebase" or "amend". An amend already rebuilt through post-commit.
+[ "${1:-}" = "rebase" ] || exit 0
+
+# Only run if the output dir exists (graph has been built before). Resolve it from
+# GRAPHIFY_OUT like the rebuild body does (#1423), not a literal graphify-out/.
+_GFY_OUT="${GRAPHIFY_OUT:-graphify-out}"
+if [ ! -d "${_GFY_OUT%/}" ]; then
+    exit 0
+fi
+
+# No rebase-merge/ or rebase-apply/ check, unlike post-commit and post-checkout: git
+# removes rebase-merge/ only after post-rewrite returns, so it is still on disk here
+# and would skip every rebase (the same trap as MERGE_HEAD in post-merge, #4463).
+
+# Honor the same opt out the commit and checkout hooks already respect.
+[ "${GRAPHIFY_SKIP_HOOK:-0}" = "1" ] && exit 0
+
+""" + _WORKTREE_GUARD + _PYTHON_DETECT + """
+_GRAPHIFY_LOG="${HOME}/.cache/graphify-rebuild.log"
+mkdir -p "$(dirname "$_GRAPHIFY_LOG")"
+export GRAPHIFY_REBUILD_LOG="$_GRAPHIFY_LOG"
+echo "[graphify] Rebase completed - launching background rebuild (log: $_GRAPHIFY_LOG)"
+""" + _detached_launch(_REBUILD_BODY_CHECKOUT) + """)
+# graphify-rewrite-hook-end
+"""
+
+
 def _load_graphifyrc(root: Path) -> dict:
     """Load ``<root>/.graphifyrc``; the parser lives in :mod:`graphify.rcfile`.
 
@@ -1005,7 +1092,7 @@ def _user_hooks_dir(hooks_dir: Path) -> Path:
 
 
 def install(path: Path = Path(".")) -> str:
-    """Install graphify's post-commit, post-checkout, and post-merge hooks in the nearest git repo."""
+    """Install graphify's post-commit, post-checkout, post-merge, and post-rewrite hooks in the nearest git repo."""
     root = _git_root(path)
     if root is None:
         raise RuntimeError(f"No git repository found at or above {path.resolve()}")
@@ -1027,22 +1114,26 @@ def install(path: Path = Path(".")) -> str:
     hook = _HOOK_SCRIPT.replace("__PINNED_PYTHON__", pinned).replace("__VIZ_LIMIT_EXPORT__", viz_export)
     checkout = _CHECKOUT_SCRIPT.replace("__PINNED_PYTHON__", pinned).replace("__VIZ_LIMIT_EXPORT__", viz_export)
     merge_hook = _MERGE_SCRIPT.replace("__PINNED_PYTHON__", pinned).replace("__VIZ_LIMIT_EXPORT__", viz_export)
+    rewrite_hook = _REWRITE_SCRIPT.replace("__PINNED_PYTHON__", pinned).replace("__VIZ_LIMIT_EXPORT__", viz_export)
 
     commit_msg = _install_hook(hooks_dir, "post-commit", hook, _HOOK_MARKER, _HOOK_MARKER_END)
     checkout_msg = _install_hook(hooks_dir, "post-checkout", checkout, _CHECKOUT_MARKER, _CHECKOUT_MARKER_END)
     post_merge_msg = _install_hook(
         hooks_dir, "post-merge", merge_hook, _MERGE_HOOK_MARKER, _MERGE_HOOK_MARKER_END
     )
+    post_rewrite_msg = _install_hook(
+        hooks_dir, "post-rewrite", rewrite_hook, _REWRITE_HOOK_MARKER, _REWRITE_HOOK_MARKER_END
+    )
     merge_msg = _register_merge_driver(root)
 
     return (
         f"post-commit: {commit_msg}\npost-checkout: {checkout_msg}\n"
-        f"post-merge: {post_merge_msg}\nmerge driver: {merge_msg}"
+        f"post-merge: {post_merge_msg}\npost-rewrite: {post_rewrite_msg}\nmerge driver: {merge_msg}"
     )
 
 
 def uninstall(path: Path = Path(".")) -> str:
-    """Remove graphify's post-commit, post-checkout, and post-merge hooks."""
+    """Remove graphify's post-commit, post-checkout, post-merge, and post-rewrite hooks."""
     root = _git_root(path)
     if root is None:
         raise RuntimeError(f"No git repository found at or above {path.resolve()}")
@@ -1053,11 +1144,14 @@ def uninstall(path: Path = Path(".")) -> str:
     post_merge_msg = _uninstall_hook(
         hooks_dir, "post-merge", _MERGE_HOOK_MARKER, _MERGE_HOOK_MARKER_END
     )
+    post_rewrite_msg = _uninstall_hook(
+        hooks_dir, "post-rewrite", _REWRITE_HOOK_MARKER, _REWRITE_HOOK_MARKER_END
+    )
     merge_msg = _unregister_merge_driver(root)
 
     return (
         f"post-commit: {commit_msg}\npost-checkout: {checkout_msg}\n"
-        f"post-merge: {post_merge_msg}\nmerge driver: {merge_msg}"
+        f"post-merge: {post_merge_msg}\npost-rewrite: {post_rewrite_msg}\nmerge driver: {merge_msg}"
     )
 
 
@@ -1126,11 +1220,12 @@ def status(path: Path = Path(".")) -> str:
     commit = _check("post-commit", _HOOK_MARKER, _HOOK_MARKER_END, _HOOK_SCRIPT)
     checkout = _check("post-checkout", _CHECKOUT_MARKER, _CHECKOUT_MARKER_END, _CHECKOUT_SCRIPT)
     post_merge = _check("post-merge", _MERGE_HOOK_MARKER, _MERGE_HOOK_MARKER_END, _MERGE_SCRIPT)
+    post_rewrite = _check("post-rewrite", _REWRITE_HOOK_MARKER, _REWRITE_HOOK_MARKER_END, _REWRITE_SCRIPT)
     merge = _merge_driver_status(root)
 
     res = (
         f"post-commit: {commit}\npost-checkout: {checkout}\n"
-        f"post-merge: {post_merge}\nmerge driver: {merge}"
+        f"post-merge: {post_merge}\npost-rewrite: {post_rewrite}\nmerge driver: {merge}"
     )
     if cfg_limit is not None:
         res += f"\nviz node limit: {cfg_limit}"
diff --git a/tests/test_hooks.py b/tests/test_hooks.py
index 0411565f6..5693eb187 100644
--- a/tests/test_hooks.py
+++ b/tests/test_hooks.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from pathlib import Path
 import pytest
 from graphify.hooks import (
     install, uninstall, status, _hooks_dir, _HOOK_MARKER, _CHECKOUT_MARKER, _MERGE_HOOK_MARKER,
+    _REWRITE_HOOK_MARKER,
 )
 
 
@@ -165,6 +166,59 @@ def test_status_shows_post_merge_hook(tmp_path):
     assert "post-merge: not installed" in result
 
 
+def test_install_creates_post_rewrite_hook(tmp_path):
+    # #4490: git runs post-rewrite once when a rebase (or pull --rebase) finishes;
+    # post-commit skips every replayed commit, so nothing else rebuilds after one.
+    repo = _make_git_repo(tmp_path)
+    install(repo)
+    hook = repo / ".git" / "hooks" / "post-rewrite"
+    assert hook.exists()
+    assert _REWRITE_HOOK_MARKER in hook.read_text()
+
+
+def test_install_post_rewrite_is_executable(tmp_path):
+    repo = _make_git_repo(tmp_path)
+    install(repo)
+    hook = repo / ".git" / "hooks" / "post-rewrite"
+    if os.name == "nt":
+        assert hook.read_text(encoding="utf-8").startswith("#!/bin/sh\n")
+    else:
+        assert hook.stat().st_mode & 0o111
+
+
+def test_uninstall_removes_post_rewrite_hook(tmp_path):
+    repo = _make_git_repo(tmp_path)
+    install(repo)
+    uninstall(repo)
+    assert not (repo / ".git" / "hooks" / "post-rewrite").exists()
+
+
+def test_status_shows_post_rewrite_hook(tmp_path):
+    repo = _make_git_repo(tmp_path)
+    install(repo)
+    assert "post-rewrite: installed" in status(repo)
+
+    uninstall(repo)
+    assert "post-rewrite: not installed" in status(repo)
+
+
+def test_install_appends_to_a_user_post_rewrite_hook_and_uninstall_keeps_it(tmp_path):
+    repo = _make_git_repo(tmp_path)
+    hook = repo / ".git" / "hooks" / "post-rewrite"
+    hook.write_text("#!/bin/sh\necho 'user rewrite hook'\n", encoding="utf-8")
+    hook.chmod(0o755)
+
+    assert "appended to existing post-rewrite hook" in install(repo)
+    content = hook.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+    assert "echo 'user rewrite hook'" in content
+    assert _REWRITE_HOOK_MARKER in content
+
+    uninstall(repo)
+    content = hook.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+    assert "echo 'user rewrite hook'" in content
+    assert _REWRITE_HOOK_MARKER not in content
+
+
 
 def test_hooks_dir_resolves_relative_git_hooks_path(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
     repo = _make_git_repo(tmp_path)
@@ -272,6 +326,7 @@ from graphify.hooks import (  # noqa: E402
     _HOOK_SCRIPT,
     _CHECKOUT_SCRIPT,
     _MERGE_SCRIPT,
+    _REWRITE_SCRIPT,
     _REBUILD_BODY_COMMIT,
     _REBUILD_BODY_CHECKOUT,
     _detached_launch,
@@ -281,6 +336,7 @@ _HOOK_SCRIPTS = [
     ("post-commit", _HOOK_SCRIPT),
     ("post-checkout", _CHECKOUT_SCRIPT),
     ("post-merge", _MERGE_SCRIPT),
+    ("post-rewrite", _REWRITE_SCRIPT),
 ]
 
 
@@ -1067,7 +1123,10 @@ def test_hooks_reuse_git_dir_from_env(name, script):
     """git exports GIT_DIR to hooks, so the rev-parse fallback should only run
     when the script is invoked by hand — each extra git exec costs 1s+ on
     AV-scanned Windows machines and lands in the commit's foreground."""
-    assert "GIT_DIR=${GIT_DIR:-" in script, f"{name} always re-runs git rev-parse"
+    # A script that never reads $GIT_DIR (post-rewrite) has no rev-parse fallback to guard.
+    assert "GIT_DIR=${GIT_DIR:-" in script or "$GIT_DIR" not in script, (
+        f"{name} always re-runs git rev-parse"
+    )
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("name,script", _HOOK_SCRIPTS)
@@ -1644,6 +1703,153 @@ def test_checkout_hook_still_skips_when_no_graph_was_built(tmp_path):
     assert _LAUNCH_LINE not in result.stdout
 
 
+@_SH_ONLY
+def test_rewrite_hook_rebuilds_when_graphify_out_is_renamed(tmp_path):
+    repo = tmp_path / "repo"
+    repo.mkdir()
+    _git(repo, "init", "-q")
+    (repo / "custom-out").mkdir()  # the configured output dir; no graphify-out/
+    result = _emitted_hook_run(repo, _REWRITE_SCRIPT, ["rebase"], {"GRAPHIFY_OUT": "custom-out"})
+    assert result.returncode == 0, result.stderr
+    assert _LAUNCH_LINE in result.stdout, f"stdout={result.stdout!r}\nstderr={result.stderr!r}"
+
+
+@_SH_ONLY
+def test_rewrite_hook_ignores_amend(tmp_path):
+    """amend already rebuilt through post-commit; a second rebuild would double it."""
+    repo = tmp_path / "repo"
+    repo.mkdir()
+    _git(repo, "init", "-q")
+    (repo / "graphify-out").mkdir()
+    result = _emitted_hook_run(repo, _REWRITE_SCRIPT, ["amend"], {})
+    assert result.returncode == 0, result.stderr
+    assert _LAUNCH_LINE not in result.stdout
+
+
+@_SH_ONLY
+def test_rewrite_hook_runs_while_rebase_merge_is_still_on_disk(tmp_path):
+    """git runs post-rewrite before it removes rebase-merge/, so that dir is not a skip signal."""
+    repo = tmp_path / "repo"
+    repo.mkdir()
+    _git(repo, "init", "-q")
+    (repo / "graphify-out").mkdir()
+    (repo / ".git" / "rebase-merge").mkdir()
+    result = _emitted_hook_run(repo, _REWRITE_SCRIPT, ["rebase"], {})
+    assert _LAUNCH_LINE in result.stdout, f"stdout={result.stdout!r}\nstderr={result.stderr!r}"
+
+
+def _repo_with_code_commits(tmp_path: Path, names: tuple[str, ...]) -> Path:
+    repo = tmp_path / "repo"
+    repo.mkdir()
+    _git(repo, "init", "-q")
+    (repo / "graphify-out").mkdir()
+    for name in names:
+        (repo / name).write_text(f"def {name[0]}(): pass\n", encoding="utf-8")
+        _git(repo, "add", name)
+        _git(repo, "commit", "-q", "-m", name)
+    return repo
+
+
+def _head(repo: Path, rev: str) -> str:
+    return subprocess.run(
+        ["git", "-C", str(repo), "rev-parse", rev], capture_output=True, text=True, check=True,
+    ).stdout.strip()
+
+
+def _write_sequencer(repo: Path, todo: str, head: str | None = None) -> None:
+    seq = repo / ".git" / "sequencer"
+    seq.mkdir()
+    (seq / "todo").write_text(todo, encoding="utf-8")
+    if head is not None:
+        (seq / "head").write_text(head + "\n", encoding="utf-8")
+
+
+def _changed_dump(tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch) -> Path:
+    """Make the emitted-hook stub record what the hook hands the rebuild launcher in
+    GRAPHIFY_CHANGED (it passes the find_spec probe like the stock stub; the probe runs
+    before GRAPHIFY_CHANGED is set, hence the guard)."""
+    dump = tmp_path / "changed.txt"
+
+    def dumping_stub(where: Path) -> Path:
+        py = where / "stubpy"
+        py.write_text(
+            f'#!/bin/sh\n[ -n "$GRAPHIFY_CHANGED" ] && printf %s "$GRAPHIFY_CHANGED" > "{dump}"\nexit 0\n',
+            encoding="utf-8", newline="\n",
+        )
+        py.chmod(0o755)
+        return py
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sys.modules[__name__], "_stub_python", dumping_stub)
+    return dump
+
+
+@_SH_ONLY
+def test_commit_hook_does_not_skip_on_cherry_pick_head(tmp_path):
+    """git leaves CHERRY_PICK_HEAD on disk while post-commit runs, so it is not a skip signal (#4490)."""
+    repo = _repo_with_code_commits(tmp_path, ("a.py", "b.py"))
+    (repo / ".git" / "CHERRY_PICK_HEAD").write_text("0" * 40 + "\n", encoding="utf-8")
+    result = _emitted_hook_run(repo, _HOOK_SCRIPT, [], {})
+    assert _LAUNCH_LINE in result.stdout, f"stdout={result.stdout!r}\nstderr={result.stderr!r}"
+
+
+@_SH_ONLY
+def test_commit_hook_skips_a_pick_while_more_picks_are_pending(tmp_path):
+    repo = _repo_with_code_commits(tmp_path, ("a.py", "b.py"))
+    # The first todo line names the commit just made (HEAD's subject, "b.py"), so it is live.
+    _write_sequencer(repo, "pick aaaaaaa b.py\npick bbbbbbb c.py\n")
+    result = _emitted_hook_run(repo, _HOOK_SCRIPT, [], {})
+    assert _LAUNCH_LINE not in result.stdout
+
+
+@_SH_ONLY
+def test_commit_hook_skips_a_revert_step_while_more_steps_are_pending(tmp_path):
+    repo = _repo_with_code_commits(tmp_path, ("a.py",))
+    (repo / "x.py").write_text("def x(): pass\n", encoding="utf-8")
+    _git(repo, "add", "x.py")
+    _git(repo, "commit", "-q", "-m", 'Revert "x"')
+    _write_sequencer(repo, "revert aaaaaaa x\nrevert bbbbbbb y\n")
+    result = _emitted_hook_run(repo, _HOOK_SCRIPT, [], {})
+    assert _LAUNCH_LINE not in result.stdout
+
+
+@_SH_ONLY
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("todo", [
+    "pick aaaaaaa some other commit\npick bbbbbbb c.py\n",   # first step is not the commit just made
+    "revert aaaaaaa b.py\nrevert bbbbbbb c.py\n",             # a revert step, but HEAD is not a Revert "..." commit
+    "squash aaaaaaa b.py\npick bbbbbbb c.py\n",               # a verb the hook does not recognise
+    "",                                                        # empty todo
+])
+def test_commit_hook_ignores_a_stale_sequencer(tmp_path, todo):
+    """An abandoned pick (git reset --hard instead of --abort) leaves sequencer/ behind;
+    trusting its pending steps would silence every later commit."""
+    repo = _repo_with_code_commits(tmp_path, ("a.py", "b.py"))
+    _write_sequencer(repo, todo)
+    result = _emitted_hook_run(repo, _HOOK_SCRIPT, [], {})
+    assert _LAUNCH_LINE in result.stdout, f"stdout={result.stdout!r}\nstderr={result.stderr!r}"
+
+
+@_SH_ONLY
+def test_commit_hook_rebuilds_on_the_last_pick_from_where_the_sequence_began(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+    """On the last pick the changed set is everything since sequencer/head, not just HEAD~1..HEAD."""
+    dump = _changed_dump(tmp_path, monkeypatch)
+    repo = _repo_with_code_commits(tmp_path, ("a.py", "b.py", "c.py"))
+    _write_sequencer(repo, "pick ccccccc c.py\n", head=_head(repo, "HEAD~2"))
+    result = _emitted_hook_run(repo, _HOOK_SCRIPT, [], {})
+    assert _LAUNCH_LINE in result.stdout, f"stdout={result.stdout!r}\nstderr={result.stderr!r}"
+    assert set(dump.read_text(encoding="utf-8").split()) == {"b.py", "c.py"}
+
+
+@_SH_ONLY
+def test_commit_hook_ignores_the_base_of_a_stale_sequencer(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+    """A stale single-line todo must not widen the changed set to everything since its head."""
+    dump = _changed_dump(tmp_path, monkeypatch)
+    repo = _repo_with_code_commits(tmp_path, ("a.py", "b.py", "c.py"))
+    _write_sequencer(repo, "pick ccccccc not-the-last-commit\n", head=_head(repo, "HEAD~2"))
+    result = _emitted_hook_run(repo, _HOOK_SCRIPT, [], {})
+    assert _LAUNCH_LINE in result.stdout, f"stdout={result.stdout!r}\nstderr={result.stderr!r}"
+    assert set(dump.read_text(encoding="utf-8").split()) == {"c.py"}
+
+
 @_SH_ONLY
 def test_commit_hook_skips_graph_only_commit_when_graphify_out_is_renamed(tmp_path):
     repo = _repo_with_graph_only_commit(tmp_path, "custom-out")
diff --git a/tests/test_hooks_rewrite.py b/tests/test_hooks_rewrite.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4da7d9498
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_hooks_rewrite.py
@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+"""Hooks must rebuild once after every git operation that changes the tree (#4490).
+
+Each test counts the background-rebuild launch line in git's output (hooks
+write to stderr). git leaves CHERRY_PICK_HEAD, sequencer/ and rebase-merge/ on
+disk while post-commit and post-rewrite run, so cherry-pick and rebase never
+rebuilt. Real-build tests wait for the detached rebuild before reading the graph.
+"""
+import json
+import os
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import time
+
+import pytest
+
+from graphify.hooks import install
+from tests.test_hooks import _LAUNCH_LINE, _SH_ONLY
+
+
+class Repo:
+    def __init__(self, path, home):
+        self.path = path
+        path.mkdir()
+        self.env = {
+            **os.environ, "HOME": str(home),
+            "GIT_AUTHOR_NAME": "t", "GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL": "t@t.co",
+            "GIT_COMMITTER_NAME": "t", "GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL": "t@t.co",
+            "GIT_EDITOR": "true",
+        }
+        self.quiet = {**self.env, "GRAPHIFY_SKIP_HOOK": "1"}
+
+    def git(self, *args, quiet=False, check=True):
+        return subprocess.run(
+            ["git", *args], cwd=self.path, capture_output=True, text=True,
+            env=self.quiet if quiet else self.env, check=check,
+        )
+
+    def launches(self, *args, check=True):
+        out = self.git(*args, check=check)
+        return (out.stdout + out.stderr).count(_LAUNCH_LINE)
+
+    def write(self, name, text):
+        (self.path / name).write_text(text, encoding="utf-8")
+
+    def commit(self, name, text, msg):
+        self.write(name, text)
+        self.git("add", name)
+        self.git("commit", "-qm", msg, quiet=True)
+
+    def build(self):
+        subprocess.run([sys.executable, "-m", "graphify", "update", "."], cwd=self.path,
+                       env=self.env, check=True, capture_output=True)
+
+    def labels(self):
+        graph = json.loads((self.path / "graphify-out" / "graph.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+        return {n["label"] for n in graph["nodes"]}
+
+
+def _settle(repo, home, timeout=60):
+    """Wait until the detached rebuild is done: log stable, no lock or pending files."""
+    log, out = home / ".cache" / "graphify-rebuild.log", repo.path / "graphify-out"
+    t0 = time.time()
+    while time.time() - t0 < 5 and not log.exists():
+        time.sleep(0.1)
+    if not log.exists():
+        return  # nothing was launched; the caller's assertions say what was expected
+    last = (-1, 0.0)
+    while time.time() - t0 < timeout:
+        size = log.stat().st_size
+        busy = any((out / n).exists() for n in (".rebuild.lock", ".pending_changes", ".pending_full"))
+        if size != last[0]:
+            last = (size, time.time())
+        elif not busy and time.time() - last[1] > 2:
+            return
+        time.sleep(0.2)
+    pytest.fail("the background rebuild did not settle")
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def repo(tmp_path):
+    r = Repo(tmp_path / "repo", tmp_path)
+    r.git("init", "-q", "-b", "main")
+    (r.path / "graphify-out").mkdir()
+    r.write("graphify-out/graph.json", "{}")
+    r.commit("a.py", "def a(): pass\n", "init")
+    install(r.path)
+    return r
+
+
+def _built_repo(tmp_path):
+    """A repo with a real first build and the hooks installed."""
+    r = Repo(tmp_path / "repo", tmp_path)
+    r.git("init", "-q", "-b", "main")
+    r.commit("base.py", "".join(f"def b{i}(x):\n    return x\n\n" for i in range(6)), "init")
+    r.commit("shared.py", "def s(): return 0\n", "shared")
+    r.build()
+    install(r.path)
+    return r
+
+
+@_SH_ONLY
+def test_control_plain_commit_rebuilds_once(repo):
+    repo.write("b.py", "def b(): pass\n")
+    repo.git("add", "b.py")
+    assert repo.launches("commit", "-qm", "b") == 1
+
+
+@_SH_ONLY
+def test_single_cherry_pick_rebuilds_once(repo):
+    repo.git("checkout", "-qb", "side", quiet=True)
+    repo.commit("cp.py", "def cp(): pass\n", "cp")
+    repo.git("checkout", "-q", "main", quiet=True)
+    assert repo.launches("cherry-pick", "side") == 1
+
+
+@_SH_ONLY
+def test_range_cherry_pick_rebuilds_once(repo):
+    repo.git("checkout", "-qb", "side", quiet=True)
+    for i in range(3):
+        repo.commit(f"r{i}.py", f"def r{i}(): pass\n", f"r{i}")
+    repo.git("checkout", "-q", "main", quiet=True)
+    assert repo.launches("cherry-pick", "side~3..side") == 1
+
+
+@_SH_ONLY
+def test_rebase_rebuilds_once(repo):
+    repo.git("checkout", "-qb", "feat", quiet=True)
+    repo.commit("f.py", "def f(): pass\n", "f")
+    repo.git("checkout", "-q", "main", quiet=True)
+    repo.commit("m.py", "def m(): pass\n", "m")
+    repo.git("checkout", "-q", "feat", quiet=True)
+    assert repo.launches("rebase", "main") == 1
+
+
+@_SH_ONLY
+def test_pull_rebase_rebuilds_once(repo, tmp_path):
+    clone = Repo(tmp_path / "clone", tmp_path)
+    clone.git("clone", "-q", str(repo.path), ".")  # into the empty dir Repo made
+    (clone.path / "graphify-out").mkdir()  # the graph is untracked, so a clone has none
+    clone.write("graphify-out/graph.json", "{}")
+    install(clone.path)
+    repo.commit("up.py", "def up(): pass\n", "up")
+    clone.commit("lo.py", "def lo(): pass\n", "lo")
+    assert clone.launches("pull", "--rebase") == 1
+
+
+@_SH_ONLY
+def test_amend_rebuilds_exactly_once(repo):
+    # amend a non-root commit: on a root commit the hook has no HEAD~1 to diff
+    repo.commit("b.py", "def b(): pass\n", "b")
+    repo.write("a.py", "def a(): return 1\n")
+    repo.git("add", "a.py")
+    assert repo.launches("commit", "-q", "--amend", "-m", "amended") == 1
+
+
+@_SH_ONLY
+def test_conflicted_rebase_continues_and_rebuilds_once(repo):
+    repo.git("checkout", "-qb", "feat", quiet=True)
+    repo.commit("a.py", "def a(): return 'feat'\n", "feat edit")
+    repo.git("checkout", "-q", "main", quiet=True)
+    repo.commit("a.py", "def a(): return 'main'\n", "main edit")
+    repo.git("checkout", "-q", "feat", quiet=True)
+    assert repo.launches("rebase", "main", check=False) == 0  # paused on conflict
+    repo.write("a.py", "def a(): return 'both'\n")
+    repo.git("add", "a.py")
+    out = repo.git("rebase", "--continue")  # must not be blocked by a hook
+    assert (out.stdout + out.stderr).count(_LAUNCH_LINE) == 1
+    assert not (repo.path / ".git" / "rebase-merge").exists()
+
+
+@_SH_ONLY
+def test_range_cherry_pick_lands_every_new_function(tmp_path):
+    r = _built_repo(tmp_path)
+    r.git("checkout", "-qb", "side", quiet=True)
+    for i in (1, 2, 3):
+        r.commit(f"f{i}.py", f"def new_fn{i}(x):\n    return x\n", f"c{i}")
+    r.git("checkout", "-q", "main", quiet=True)
+    r.git("cherry-pick", "side~3..side")
+    _settle(r, tmp_path)
+    assert {"new_fn1()", "new_fn2()", "new_fn3()"} <= r.labels()
+
+
+@_SH_ONLY
+def test_skip_mid_range_rebuilds_the_picks_that_landed(tmp_path):
+    r = _built_repo(tmp_path)
+    r.git("checkout", "-qb", "side", quiet=True)
+    r.commit("fs1.py", "def fs_one(): pass\n", "c1")
+    r.write("fs2.py", "def fs_two(): pass\n")
+    r.write("shared.py", "def s(): return 2\n")
+    r.git("add", ".")
+    r.git("commit", "-qm", "c2", quiet=True)
+    r.commit("fs3.py", "def fs_three(): pass\n", "c3")
+    r.git("checkout", "-q", "main", quiet=True)
+    r.commit("shared.py", "def s(): return 1\n", "main edit")
+    r.git("cherry-pick", "side~3..side", check=False)  # pauses on c2
+    assert r.launches("cherry-pick", "--skip") == 1
+    _settle(r, tmp_path)
+    labels = r.labels()
+    assert {"fs_one()", "fs_three()"} <= labels and "fs_two()" not in labels
+
+
+@_SH_ONLY
+def test_revert_range_rebuilds_once_and_removes_the_functions(tmp_path):
+    """Pins one rebuild per revert range. This is not a v8 bug: v8 rebuilt after
+    each revert, three times. A revert range uses the same sequencer/ as a pick
+    range, so it follows the same skip-until-the-last-step rule."""
+    r = Repo(tmp_path / "repo", tmp_path)
+    r.git("init", "-q", "-b", "main")
+    r.commit("base.py", "def base(): pass\n", "init")
+    for i, name in enumerate(("fr_one", "fr_two", "fr_three"), 1):
+        r.commit(f"fr{i}.py", f"def {name}(): pass\n", name)
+    r.build()
+    install(r.path)
+    assert r.launches("revert", "--no-edit", "HEAD~3..HEAD") == 1
+    _settle(r, tmp_path)
+    assert not {"fr_one()", "fr_two()", "fr_three()"} & r.labels()
+
+
+@_SH_ONLY
+def test_tracked_graph_range_pick_with_conflict_completes(tmp_path):
+    """With graph.json tracked, a rebuild between picks would dirty it and git would
+    refuse the next pick that touches it ("local changes would be overwritten")."""
+    r = Repo(tmp_path / "repo", tmp_path)
+    r.git("init", "-q", "-b", "main")
+    (r.path / "graphify-out").mkdir()
+    r.write("graphify-out/graph.json", "{}")
+    r.commit("shared.py", "def s(): return 0\n", "init")
+    r.git("add", "-f", "graphify-out/graph.json")
+    r.git("commit", "-qm", "track", quiet=True)
+    install(r.path)
+    r.git("checkout", "-qb", "side", quiet=True)
+    r.commit("n1.py", "def n1(): pass\n", "c1")
+    r.commit("shared.py", "def s(): return 2\n", "c2")
+    r.write("graphify-out/graph.json", '{"teammate": true}')
+    r.git("add", "-f", "graphify-out/graph.json")
+    r.git("commit", "-qm", "c3", quiet=True)
+    r.git("checkout", "-q", "main", quiet=True)
+    r.commit("shared.py", "def s(): return 1\n", "main edit")
+    r.git("cherry-pick", "side~3..side", check=False)  # pauses on c2
+    r.write("shared.py", "def s(): return 3\n")
+    r.git("add", "shared.py")
+    out = r.git("cherry-pick", "--continue", check=False)
+    assert out.returncode == 0, out.stdout + out.stderr
+    assert not (r.path / ".git" / "sequencer").exists()
+    _settle(r, tmp_path)  # cleanup only: lets the rebuild after the last pick finish before tmp_path goes
+
+
+@_SH_ONLY
+def test_abandoned_range_pick_does_not_silence_later_commits(repo):
+    """git reset --hard (not --abort) leaves sequencer/ behind. Trusting its pending steps
+    would skip every later commit's rebuild; the hook must see it is stale."""
+    repo.git("checkout", "-qb", "side", quiet=True)
+    repo.commit("n1.py", "def n1(): pass\n", "c1")
+    repo.commit("a.py", "def a(): return 2\n", "c2")
+    repo.commit("n3.py", "def n3(): pass\n", "c3")
+    repo.git("checkout", "-q", "main", quiet=True)
+    repo.commit("a.py", "def a(): return 1\n", "main edit")
+    repo.git("cherry-pick", "side~3..side", check=False)  # pauses on c2
+    repo.git("reset", "-q", "--hard", "HEAD")
+    if not (repo.path / ".git" / "sequencer").exists():
+        pytest.skip("this git removes sequencer/ on reset --hard, so there is nothing stale to test")
+    repo.write("z.py", "def z(): pass\n")
+    repo.git("add", "z.py")
+    assert repo.launches("commit", "-qm", "z") == 1