diff --git a/graphify/build.py b/graphify/build.py
index 2a3b5bb8..a0821979 100644
--- a/graphify/build.py
+++ b/graphify/build.py
@@ -34,6 +34,23 @@ from .paths import default_graph_json as _default_graph_json
 from .validate import validate_extraction
 
 
+# Deterministic (AST) extractors emit source_location "L<line>"; the semantic
+# extraction spec emits null. Used by _is_ast_tier as a shape fallback for
+# legacy items that predate the _origin marker (#2334).
+_AST_LOC_RE = re.compile(r"^L\d")
+
+
+def _is_ast_tier(item: dict) -> bool:
+    """AST vs semantic tier. _origin wins when present; unstamped legacy items
+    (pre-0.9.16) fall back to shape: deterministic extractors emit
+    source_location 'L<line>', the semantic spec emits null (#2334)."""
+    o = item.get("_origin")
+    if o is not None:
+        return o == "ast"
+    loc = item.get("source_location")
+    return isinstance(loc, str) and bool(_AST_LOC_RE.match(loc))
+
+
 # Language interop families, keyed by extension, for the cross-language phantom-edge
 # guard in the edge loop below. Families group by REAL interop (JS/TS share a module
 # graph; C/C++/ObjC share a compilation unit via headers; JVM langs share bytecode),
@@ -454,7 +471,7 @@ def _semantic_id_remap(nodes: list, root: str | None) -> dict:
     for node in nodes:
         if not isinstance(node, dict):
             continue
-        if node.get("_origin") == "ast":
+        if _is_ast_tier(node):
             continue
         nid = node.get("id")
         sf = node.get("source_file")
@@ -781,6 +798,13 @@ def build_from_json(extraction: dict, *, directed: bool = False, root: str | Pat
         sf = str(attrs.get("source_file", ""))
         if not label or not sf:
             continue
+        # Strict _origin check on purpose — NOT _is_ast_tier (#2334): existing
+        # graph items are backfilled with _origin at load time, so inside a
+        # build the only unstamped items are fresh SEMANTIC chunks (extract()
+        # always stamps AST output). Those may carry drifted 'L<line>'
+        # source_locations (the very ghosts #1145-extended collapses), and the
+        # shape fallback would misread them as AST — turning two same-file LLM
+        # duplicates into a fake AST/AST collision that blocks their merge.
         is_ast = attrs.get("_origin") == "ast"
         if attrs.get("source_location") or is_ast:
             # Key on the FULL normalized source_file, not the bare basename
@@ -809,7 +833,7 @@ def build_from_json(extraction: dict, *, directed: bool = False, root: str | Pat
     for nid in sorted(node_set):
         attrs = G.nodes[nid]
         if attrs.get("_origin") == "ast":
-            continue  # AST nodes are never ghosts
+            continue  # AST nodes are never ghosts (strict check — see Pass 1)
         label = str(attrs.get("label", "")).strip()
         sf = str(attrs.get("source_file", ""))
         if not label or not sf:
@@ -1216,9 +1240,23 @@ def _load_existing_graph(graph_path: Path) -> "tuple[list, list, list, bool] | N
             "Delete the file and run a full rebuild."
         ) from exc
     links_key = "links" if "links" in data else "edges"
+    nodes = list(data.get("nodes", []))
+    edges = list(data.get(links_key, []))
+    # Backfill tier provenance on legacy items (#2334): _origin is stamped at
+    # extraction time only (extract.py for AST, and the semantic path never
+    # stamps), so pre-0.9.16 graphs and externally-merged fragments carry
+    # unstamped items. Stamp them via the _is_ast_tier shape fallback so the
+    # graph self-heals on the next write and every downstream tier decision
+    # (build_merge replace, watch reconcile) reads an explicit marker.
+    for item in nodes:
+        if isinstance(item, dict):
+            item.setdefault("_origin", "ast" if _is_ast_tier(item) else "semantic")
+    for item in edges:
+        if isinstance(item, dict):
+            item.setdefault("_origin", "ast" if _is_ast_tier(item) else "semantic")
     return (
-        list(data.get("nodes", [])),
-        list(data.get(links_key, [])),
+        nodes,
+        edges,
         list(data.get("hyperedges", [])),
         bool(data.get("directed", False)),
     )
@@ -1236,8 +1274,10 @@ def merge_raw_extraction(
     Replace/prune semantics mirror :func:`build_merge` exactly, so the raw and
     clustered incremental paths can't drift:
 
-    - sources re-extracted this run REPLACE their prior contribution — existing
-      nodes/edges/hyperedges owned by them are dropped, matched in both raw and
+    - sources re-extracted this run REPLACE their prior contribution PER TIER
+      (#2333/#2336): existing nodes/edges/hyperedges owned by them are dropped
+      only when the new extraction contains the same tier (AST vs semantic,
+      per :func:`_is_ast_tier`) for that source, matched in both raw and
       :func:`_norm_source_file` form (#1007);
     - ``prune_sources`` (deleted / excluded / graph-stale files) are dropped,
       with the ``_abs_identity`` third-form fallback (#2012), and "replace" wins
@@ -1265,17 +1305,24 @@ def merge_raw_extraction(
         else _infer_merge_root(graph_path)
     )
 
-    new_sources: set[str] = set()
+    # Tier-scoped replace, mirroring build_merge (#2333/#2336, COEXIST): a
+    # source re-extracted this run replaces only the tier(s) actually present
+    # in the new extraction, so an AST-only re-extract keeps the file's
+    # semantic layer and vice versa.
+    new_ast_sources: set[str] = set()
+    new_sem_sources: set[str] = set()
     for n in new.get("nodes", []):
         if not isinstance(n, dict):
             continue
         sf = n.get("source_file")
         if not sf:
             continue
-        new_sources.add(sf)
+        tier_sources = new_ast_sources if _is_ast_tier(n) else new_sem_sources
+        tier_sources.add(sf)
         norm = _norm_source_file(sf, _eff_root)
         if norm:
-            new_sources.add(norm)
+            tier_sources.add(norm)
+    new_sources: set[str] = new_ast_sources | new_sem_sources
 
     prune_set: set[str] = set()
     prune_abs: set[str] = set()
@@ -1300,7 +1347,12 @@ def merge_raw_extraction(
         if not isinstance(item, dict):
             return True
         sf = item.get("source_file")
-        if sf in new_sources or _norm_source_file(sf, _eff_root) in new_sources:
+        # Tier-scoped replace: an item is superseded only when ITS OWN tier
+        # re-extracted its source. Hyperedges are semantic-tier (no _origin,
+        # null source_location), so an AST-only re-extract carries them.
+        # Deletion pruning below stays tier-blind.
+        own = new_ast_sources if _is_ast_tier(item) else new_sem_sources
+        if sf in own or _norm_source_file(sf, _eff_root) in own:
             return True  # re-extracted this run — replaced by the new chunk
         if not sf:
             return False  # unowned — carry forward
@@ -1332,11 +1384,13 @@ def build_merge(
 ) -> nx.Graph:
     """Load existing graph.json, merge new chunks into it, and save back.
 
-    Re-extracted files REPLACE their prior contribution: any source_file present
-    in new_chunks is dropped from the loaded graph before merging, so a changed
-    file's stale nodes/edges don't accumulate. Files absent from new_chunks are
-    preserved unchanged; deleted files are removed via prune_sources.
-    Safe to call repeatedly.
+    Re-extracted files REPLACE their prior contribution per tier (#2333/#2336):
+    a source_file present in new_chunks has its existing nodes/edges dropped
+    for each tier (AST vs semantic, per :func:`_is_ast_tier`) the new chunks
+    actually contain, so a changed file's stale nodes/edges don't accumulate
+    while a one-tier re-extract keeps the other tier's layer intact. Files
+    absent from new_chunks are preserved unchanged; deleted files are removed
+    via prune_sources (tier-blind). Safe to call repeatedly.
     root: if given, absolute source_file paths in new_chunks are made relative (#932).
     directed: if None (default), honor the on-disk graph's own ``directed`` flag
     when one exists, so an incremental merge can't silently flip a directed
@@ -1379,21 +1433,32 @@ def build_merge(
     # for them; genuinely deleted files are still handled via prune_sources.
     # Matched in both raw and _norm_source_file form because new_chunks may carry
     # absolute win32 paths while the stored graph keeps relative posix (#1007).
+    # Replacement is tier-scoped (#2333/#2336, COEXIST): each file has two
+    # producers — the deterministic AST pass and the semantic/LLM pass — whose
+    # node sets coexist in the graph. A re-extract of one tier must replace
+    # only that tier's prior contribution, never the other's (a semantic-only
+    # chunk used to delete the file's AST headings). Which tier a NEW chunk
+    # item belongs to is read via _is_ast_tier (existing items were stamped by
+    # _load_existing_graph above).
     _replace_root = _eff_root
-    new_sources: set[str] = set()
+    new_ast_sources: set[str] = set()
+    new_sem_sources: set[str] = set()
     for ch in new_chunks:
         for n in ch.get("nodes", []):
             sf = n.get("source_file")
             if not sf:
                 continue
-            new_sources.add(sf)
+            tier_sources = new_ast_sources if _is_ast_tier(n) else new_sem_sources
+            tier_sources.add(sf)
             norm = _norm_source_file(sf, _replace_root)
             if norm:
-                new_sources.add(norm)
+                tier_sources.add(norm)
+    new_sources: set[str] = new_ast_sources | new_sem_sources
     if new_sources:
         def _kept(item: dict) -> bool:
             sf = item.get("source_file")
-            return sf not in new_sources and _norm_source_file(sf, _replace_root) not in new_sources
+            own = new_ast_sources if _is_ast_tier(item) else new_sem_sources
+            return sf not in own and _norm_source_file(sf, _replace_root) not in own
         existing_nodes = [n for n in existing_nodes if _kept(n)]
         existing_edges = [e for e in existing_edges if _kept(e)]
 
@@ -1461,8 +1526,11 @@ def build_merge(
                 continue
             sf = he.get("source_file")
             norm = _norm_source_file(sf, _eff_root)
-            if sf in new_sources or norm in new_sources:
-                continue  # re-extracted — replaced by the new chunk's version
+            # Hyperedges are semantic-tier: only a SEMANTIC re-extract of the
+            # source replaces them. An AST-only re-extract cannot regenerate
+            # hyperedges, so dropping them there would be data loss (#2336).
+            if sf in new_sem_sources or norm in new_sem_sources:
+                continue  # semantically re-extracted — replaced by the new chunk's version
             if _prune_match(sf):
                 continue  # deleted — pruned
             carried.append(he)
diff --git a/graphify/watch.py b/graphify/watch.py
index ff556f0b..a1adb64b 100644
--- a/graphify/watch.py
+++ b/graphify/watch.py
@@ -491,6 +491,16 @@ def _reconcile_existing_graph(
     existing = json.loads(existing_graph.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
     existing_graph_data = existing
 
+    # Backfill tier provenance on legacy items (#2334), mirroring
+    # build._load_existing_graph (this reconcile path loads the raw dict
+    # separately, so the backfill there does not reach it). Stamping preserved
+    # items means the graph self-heals on this write.
+    from graphify.build import _is_ast_tier
+    for _bucket in ("nodes", "links", "edges"):
+        for _item in existing.get(_bucket, []):
+            if isinstance(_item, dict):
+                _item.setdefault("_origin", "ast" if _is_ast_tier(_item) else "semantic")
+
     try:
         from graphify.build import _norm_source_file as _nsf
         from graphify.extract import _get_extractor
@@ -584,15 +594,20 @@ def _reconcile_existing_graph(
                 "Run a full re-extraction to purge them if the exclusion is intentional."
             )
 
-        # A full re-extraction owns every AST node under watch_root. Incremental
-        # extraction owns only nodes from rebuilt or deleted sources. Semantic
-        # nodes lack the AST origin marker and remain preserved.
+        # A full re-extraction owns the AST nodes of every source it actually
+        # re-extracted (extract_targets, via rebuilt_source_identities) — NOT
+        # every AST node under watch_root: a semantic-backed doc is excluded
+        # from extract_targets (#1915), so its existing AST layer is not
+        # regenerated this run and dropping it would be data loss (#2333,
+        # COEXIST — the AST and semantic layers of a file coexist).
+        # Incremental extraction owns only nodes from rebuilt or deleted
+        # sources. Semantic-tier nodes (per _is_ast_tier) remain preserved.
         preserved_nodes = [
             node
             for node in existing.get("nodes", [])
             if node["id"] not in new_ast_ids
             and not (
-                node.get("_origin") == "ast"
+                _is_ast_tier(node)
                 and (
                     (
                         not node.get("source_file")
@@ -600,7 +615,7 @@ def _reconcile_existing_graph(
                     )
                     or (
                         full_rebuild
-                        and source_paths.in_watch_root(node.get("source_file"))
+                        and source_paths.is_evicted(node, rebuilt_source_identities)
                     )
                 )
             )
@@ -621,7 +636,7 @@ def _reconcile_existing_graph(
             and edge.get("target") in all_ids
             and not source_paths.is_evicted(edge, edge_evicted_source_identities)
             and not (
-                edge.get("_origin") == "ast"
+                _is_ast_tier(edge)
                 and source_paths.is_evicted(edge, rebuilt_source_identities)
             )
         ]
@@ -973,7 +988,7 @@ def _rebuild_code(
     try:
         from graphify.extract import extract, _get_extractor
         from graphify.detect import detect
-        from graphify.build import build_from_json, _norm_source_file as _nsf
+        from graphify.build import build_from_json, _is_ast_tier, _norm_source_file as _nsf
         from graphify.cluster import cluster, remap_communities_to_previous, score_all
         from graphify.analyze import god_nodes, surprising_connections, suggest_questions
         from graphify.report import generate
@@ -1008,10 +1023,12 @@ def _rebuild_code(
         # existing graph must not ALSO be AST-quick-scanned — otherwise every
         # rebuild mints heading nodes on top of the preserved semantic nodes
         # and the doc is represented twice (~4x graph bloat vs the CLI update
-        # path, which AST-extracts only code). Semantic supersedes AST per doc
-        # source: the quick-scan stays as a fallback for docs with no semantic
-        # layer (the no-LLM doc-structure feature, #09b33b7) and for brand-new
-        # docs the graph has never seen. These docs stay in ``code_files`` so
+        # path, which AST-extracts only code). A semantic-backed doc is never
+        # re-quick-scanned, and any AST layer it already carries coexists and
+        # is preserved rather than regenerated (#2333, COEXIST); the
+        # quick-scan stays as a fallback for docs with no semantic layer (the
+        # no-LLM doc-structure feature, #09b33b7) and for brand-new docs the
+        # graph has never seen. These docs stay in ``code_files`` so
         # corpus membership (#1795 fail-closed deletion evidence) and the
         # shrink accounting below still cover them — a previously-bloated
         # graph must be allowed to self-heal on a full rebuild without the
@@ -1044,7 +1061,11 @@ def _rebuild_code(
                 # "document" nodes (extractors/markdown.py). "image" stays out.
                 semantic_doc_identities: set[str] = set()
                 for node in prior.get("nodes", []):
-                    if node.get("_origin") == "ast":
+                    # _is_ast_tier, not a raw _origin check (#2334): a legacy
+                    # unstamped AST heading node (source_location "L<n>") must
+                    # not fake a semantic layer, or the doc would be excluded
+                    # from the AST quick-scan forever.
+                    if _is_ast_tier(node):
                         continue
                     if node.get("file_type") not in (
                         "document", "concept", "rationale", "paper", "code"
@@ -1129,10 +1150,11 @@ def _rebuild_code(
             extract_targets = wanted
         else:
             # Full rebuild: skip the AST quick-scan for semantic-backed docs
-            # (#1915). They remain in code_files, so stale _origin=="ast"
-            # heading nodes from a previously-bloated graph are dropped by the
-            # full-rebuild AST ownership rule while the shrink accounting
-            # below still counts the doc as a rebuilt source.
+            # (#1915). They remain in code_files for corpus membership and
+            # shrink accounting, but because they are not extract targets the
+            # full-rebuild AST ownership rule (scoped to
+            # rebuilt_source_identities, #2333 COEXIST) leaves their existing
+            # AST heading layer intact alongside the semantic layer.
             extract_targets = [p for p in code_files if p not in semantic_doc_files]
 
         commit = _git_head(cwd=watch_root)
diff --git a/tests/test_build.py b/tests/test_build.py
index 098a2b38..e51da3ff 100644
--- a/tests/test_build.py
+++ b/tests/test_build.py
@@ -1046,6 +1046,142 @@ def test_build_merge_replaces_changed_file_stale_edges(tmp_path):
     assert ("K", "A") in edges, "unchanged file's edge must survive"
 
 
+def _write_two_tier_graph(graph_path):
+    """A graph where docs/readme.md carries BOTH tiers (#2333 COEXIST): an
+    AST layer (document/heading nodes + a contains edge, _origin=ast) and a
+    semantic layer (an unstamped concept node, source_location=None)."""
+    data = {
+        "directed": False,
+        "nodes": [
+            {"id": "docs_readme", "label": "Readme", "file_type": "document",
+             "source_file": "docs/readme.md", "source_location": "L1",
+             "_origin": "ast"},
+            {"id": "docs_readme_intro", "label": "Intro", "file_type": "document",
+             "source_file": "docs/readme.md", "source_location": "L3",
+             "_origin": "ast"},
+            {"id": "auth_flow", "label": "Auth Flow", "file_type": "concept",
+             "source_file": "docs/readme.md", "source_location": None},
+        ],
+        "links": [
+            {"source": "docs_readme", "target": "docs_readme_intro",
+             "relation": "contains", "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
+             "source_file": "docs/readme.md", "source_location": "L3",
+             "weight": 1.0, "_origin": "ast"},
+        ],
+        "hyperedges": [
+            {"id": "auth_group", "label": "Auth Group",
+             "nodes": ["docs_readme", "auth_flow"], "relation": "form",
+             "confidence": "INFERRED", "source_file": "docs/readme.md"},
+        ],
+    }
+    graph_path.write_text(json.dumps(data), encoding="utf-8")
+
+
+def test_build_merge_semantic_reextract_preserves_ast_layer(tmp_path):
+    """#2333/#2336 (COEXIST): a semantic-only re-extract of a file replaces
+    only that file's SEMANTIC tier — its AST document/heading nodes and AST
+    edges must survive. Before the fix, replace-by-source was tier-blind and
+    the semantic chunk deleted the doc's AST layer."""
+    graph_path = tmp_path / "graph.json"
+    _write_two_tier_graph(graph_path)
+
+    # Semantic-only chunk for the same file: no _origin, null source_location
+    # (the extraction-spec shape — the semantic path never stamps _origin).
+    chunk = {"nodes": [
+        {"id": "session_model", "label": "Session Model", "file_type": "concept",
+         "source_file": "docs/readme.md", "source_location": None},
+    ], "edges": []}
+    G = build_merge([chunk], graph_path, dedup=False)
+
+    assert "docs_readme" in G and "docs_readme_intro" in G, (
+        "AST layer deleted by a semantic-only re-extract of the same file"
+    )
+    assert G.has_edge("docs_readme", "docs_readme_intro"), (
+        "AST contains edge deleted by a semantic-only re-extract"
+    )
+    assert "auth_flow" not in G, "old semantic node must be replaced"
+    assert "session_model" in G, "new semantic node must be present"
+
+
+def test_build_merge_ast_reextract_preserves_semantic_layer(tmp_path):
+    """#2333/#2336 inverse: an AST-only re-extract of a file replaces only
+    that file's AST tier — its semantic concept nodes (and semantic-tier
+    hyperedges, which an AST pass cannot regenerate) must survive."""
+    graph_path = tmp_path / "graph.json"
+    _write_two_tier_graph(graph_path)
+
+    # AST-only re-extract: the doc changed — Intro heading replaced by
+    # Quickstart. extract() always stamps _origin=ast.
+    chunk = {"nodes": [
+        {"id": "docs_readme", "label": "Readme", "file_type": "document",
+         "source_file": "docs/readme.md", "source_location": "L1",
+         "_origin": "ast"},
+        {"id": "docs_readme_quickstart", "label": "Quickstart",
+         "file_type": "document", "source_file": "docs/readme.md",
+         "source_location": "L5", "_origin": "ast"},
+    ], "edges": [
+        {"source": "docs_readme", "target": "docs_readme_quickstart",
+         "relation": "contains", "confidence": "EXTRACTED",
+         "source_file": "docs/readme.md", "source_location": "L5",
+         "weight": 1.0, "_origin": "ast"},
+    ]}
+    G = build_merge([chunk], graph_path, dedup=False)
+
+    assert "auth_flow" in G, (
+        "semantic layer deleted by an AST-only re-extract of the same file"
+    )
+    assert "docs_readme_intro" not in G, "stale AST node must be replaced"
+    assert "docs_readme_quickstart" in G, "fresh AST node must be present"
+    assert G.has_edge("docs_readme", "docs_readme_quickstart")
+    carried_he_ids = {he.get("id") for he in G.graph.get("hyperedges", [])}
+    assert "auth_group" in carried_he_ids, (
+        "semantic-tier hyperedge dropped by an AST-only re-extract (#2336)"
+    )
+
+
+def test_merge_raw_extraction_tier_scoped(tmp_path):
+    """#2333 raw-path mirror: merge_raw_extraction (extract --no-cluster
+    incremental) applies the same tier-scoped replace as build_merge — a
+    semantic-only re-extract keeps the file's AST nodes/edges."""
+    from graphify.build import merge_raw_extraction
+
+    graph_path = tmp_path / "graph.json"
+    _write_two_tier_graph(graph_path)
+
+    new = {"nodes": [
+        {"id": "session_model", "label": "Session Model", "file_type": "concept",
+         "source_file": "docs/readme.md", "source_location": None},
+    ], "edges": [], "input_tokens": 0, "output_tokens": 0}
+    out = merge_raw_extraction(new, graph_path)
+
+    node_ids = {n["id"] for n in out["nodes"]}
+    assert {"docs_readme", "docs_readme_intro", "session_model"} <= node_ids, (
+        "AST layer dropped by a semantic-only raw re-extract"
+    )
+    assert "auth_flow" not in node_ids, "old semantic node must be replaced"
+    edge_keys = {(e.get("source"), e.get("target")) for e in out["edges"]}
+    assert ("docs_readme", "docs_readme_intro") in edge_keys, (
+        "AST edge dropped by a semantic-only raw re-extract"
+    )
+    he_ids = {he.get("id") for he in out.get("hyperedges", [])}
+    assert "auth_group" not in he_ids, (
+        "semantic-tier hyperedge must be replaced by a semantic re-extract"
+    )
+
+
+def test_is_ast_tier_legacy_fallback():
+    """#2334: _origin wins when present; unstamped legacy items fall back to
+    the source_location shape (AST emits 'L<line>', semantic emits null)."""
+    from graphify.build import _is_ast_tier
+
+    assert _is_ast_tier({"_origin": "ast"}) is True
+    assert _is_ast_tier({"_origin": "ast", "source_location": None}) is True
+    assert _is_ast_tier({"source_location": "L10"}) is True
+    assert _is_ast_tier({"source_location": None}) is False
+    assert _is_ast_tier({}) is False
+    assert _is_ast_tier({"_origin": "semantic", "source_location": "L10"}) is False
+
+
 def test_build_merge_root_collapses_convention_drift(tmp_path):
     """Skill contract: the extraction subagent must emit source_file as the
     verbatim path from FILE_LIST AND the caller must pass root= (the build root).
diff --git a/tests/test_watch.py b/tests/test_watch.py
index b33c98d3..c3029fe1 100644
--- a/tests/test_watch.py
+++ b/tests/test_watch.py
@@ -2050,11 +2050,13 @@ def test_rebuild_code_quick_scans_doc_without_semantic_nodes(tmp_path):
     assert {"notes", "notes_alpha", "notes_beta"} <= ids
 
 
-def test_rebuild_code_polluted_graph_self_heals_on_full_rebuild(tmp_path):
-    """#1915: a graph already bloated by the bug (semantic doc nodes PLUS stale
-    _origin=="ast" heading nodes for the same doc) sheds the heading nodes on
-    the next full rebuild via the AST ownership rule — and the shrink guard
-    accepts the smaller write without --force."""
+def test_full_rebuild_preserves_semantic_backed_doc_ast_layer(tmp_path):
+    """#2333 (COEXIST): a doc that carries BOTH an AST heading layer and a
+    semantic layer keeps both across a full rebuild. The doc is excluded from
+    extract_targets (#1915, no re-quick-scan), so its AST nodes are NOT
+    regenerated this run — the full-rebuild ownership rule must therefore not
+    drop them (it owns only rebuilt sources, not everything in watch_root).
+    Supersedes the pre-COEXIST #1915 self-heal, which deleted the AST layer."""
     from graphify.watch import _rebuild_code
 
     corpus = tmp_path / "corpus"
@@ -2070,31 +2072,107 @@ def test_rebuild_code_polluted_graph_self_heals_on_full_rebuild(tmp_path):
     graph_path = corpus / "graphify-out" / "graph.json"
     data = json.loads(graph_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
     assert _AST_GUIDE_IDS <= {n["id"] for n in data["nodes"]}
+    doc_nodes_before = sum(
+        1 for n in data["nodes"] if n.get("source_file") == "guide.md"
+    )
 
-    # Layer the semantic representation on top -> the double-represented state.
-    data["nodes"].extend([
-        {"id": "guide_doc", "label": "Guide", "file_type": "document",
-         "source_file": "guide.md"},
+    # Layer the semantic representation on top — both tiers now coexist.
+    data["nodes"].append(
         {"id": "auth_flow", "label": "Auth Flow", "file_type": "concept",
          "source_file": "guide.md"},
-    ])
-    data["links"].append({
-        "source": "guide_doc", "target": "auth_flow", "relation": "explains",
-        "confidence": "INFERRED", "source_file": "guide.md",
-    })
+    )
     graph_path.write_text(json.dumps(data), encoding="utf-8")
-    nodes_before = len(data["nodes"])
 
-    # No force=True: the self-heal shrink must be accepted by the guard.
+    # Full rebuild WITHOUT force: guide.md is now semantic-backed, so it is
+    # excluded from extract_targets — its existing AST layer must survive.
     assert _rebuild_code(corpus, no_cluster=True, acquire_lock=False) is True
 
     after = json.loads(graph_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
     after_ids = {n["id"] for n in after["nodes"]}
-    assert {"guide_doc", "auth_flow"} <= after_ids
-    assert not (_AST_GUIDE_IDS & after_ids), (
-        "stale AST heading nodes for a semantic-backed doc must self-heal away"
+    assert "auth_flow" in after_ids, "semantic layer lost on full rebuild"
+    assert _AST_GUIDE_IDS <= after_ids, (
+        "AST heading layer of a semantic-backed doc dropped by a full "
+        "rebuild (#2333 COEXIST)"
+    )
+    doc_nodes_after = sum(
+        1 for n in after["nodes"]
+        if n.get("source_file") == "guide.md" and n["id"] != "auth_flow"
+    )
+    assert doc_nodes_after == doc_nodes_before, (
+        "document-node count changed across a full rebuild of a "
+        f"semantic-backed doc: {doc_nodes_before} -> {doc_nodes_after}"
+    )
+
+
+def test_full_rebuild_regenerates_docs_with_legacy_unstamped_nodes(tmp_path):
+    """#2334: a legacy heading node without the _origin stamp (pre-0.9.16
+    graph) must not fake a semantic layer — _is_ast_tier's shape fallback
+    (source_location "L<n>") classifies it as AST, so the doc stays in
+    extract_targets, is re-quick-scanned, and comes back fully re-stamped."""
+    from graphify.watch import _rebuild_code
+
+    corpus = tmp_path / "corpus"
+    corpus.mkdir()
+    (corpus / "app.py").write_text(
+        "def handle_login():\n    return 1\n", encoding="utf-8"
+    )
+    (corpus / "guide.md").write_text(
+        "# Overview\n\n## Setup\n\n## Usage\n", encoding="utf-8"
+    )
+    assert _rebuild_code(corpus, no_cluster=True, acquire_lock=False) is True
+    graph_path = corpus / "graphify-out" / "graph.json"
+    data = json.loads(graph_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+    assert _AST_GUIDE_IDS <= {n["id"] for n in data["nodes"]}
+
+    # Simulate a legacy graph: strip the _origin stamp from one heading node.
+    stripped = next(
+        n for n in data["nodes"] if n["id"] == "guide_overview"
+    )
+    stripped.pop("_origin", None)
+    graph_path.write_text(json.dumps(data), encoding="utf-8")
+
+    assert _rebuild_code(corpus, no_cluster=True, acquire_lock=False) is True
+
+    after = json.loads(graph_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+    after_by_id = {n["id"]: n for n in after["nodes"]}
+    assert _AST_GUIDE_IDS <= set(after_by_id), (
+        "legacy unstamped heading node made the doc look semantic-backed "
+        "and its AST structure was dropped (#2334)"
+    )
+    for nid in _AST_GUIDE_IDS:
+        assert after_by_id[nid].get("_origin") == "ast", (
+            f"{nid} not re-stamped with _origin=ast after the full rebuild"
+        )
+
+
+def test_full_rebuild_drops_stale_ast_for_reextracted_code(tmp_path):
+    """#1116 guard: tier-scoping the full-rebuild ownership rule (#2333) must
+    not stop a genuinely re-extracted code file from shedding its stale AST
+    nodes — a renamed function's old symbol node still disappears."""
+    from graphify.watch import _rebuild_code
+
+    corpus = tmp_path / "corpus"
+    corpus.mkdir()
+    (corpus / "app.py").write_text(
+        "def old_name():\n    return 1\n", encoding="utf-8"
+    )
+    assert _rebuild_code(corpus, no_cluster=True, acquire_lock=False) is True
+    graph_path = corpus / "graphify-out" / "graph.json"
+    ids = {n["id"] for n in json.loads(graph_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))["nodes"]}
+    assert "app_old_name" in ids
+
+    (corpus / "app.py").write_text(
+        "def new_name():\n    return 1\n", encoding="utf-8"
+    )
+    # Full rebuild (no changed_paths): app.py is re-extracted, so its stale
+    # AST symbol node is owned by this run and must be dropped.
+    assert _rebuild_code(corpus, no_cluster=True, acquire_lock=False) is True
+
+    ids = {n["id"] for n in json.loads(graph_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))["nodes"]}
+    assert "app_new_name" in ids
+    assert "app_old_name" not in ids, (
+        "stale AST node for a re-extracted code file survived (#1116)"
     )
-    assert len(after["nodes"]) < nodes_before, "polluted graph should shrink"
 
 
 # ── #2014: code-typed semantic nodes count as a doc's semantic layer ───────────