diff --git a/src/Text/Pandoc/App/Input.hs b/src/Text/Pandoc/App/Input.hs
index 87e71da6b..8d142ada7 100644
--- a/src/Text/Pandoc/App/Input.hs
+++ b/src/Text/Pandoc/App/Input.hs
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ module Text.Pandoc.App.Input
 
 import Control.Monad ((>=>), when)
 import Control.Monad.Except (throwError, catchError)
+import Data.Char (toLower)
 import Data.Text (Text)
 import Network.URI (URI (..), parseURI)
 import Text.Pandoc.Transforms (adjustLinksAndIds)
@@ -89,8 +90,9 @@ readSource :: PandocMonad m
 readSource "-" = (,Nothing) <$> readStdinStrict
 readSource src =
   case parseURI src of
-    Just u | uriScheme u `elem` ["http:","https:"] -> openURL (T.pack src)
-           | uriScheme u == "file:" ->
+    Just u | map toLower (uriScheme u) `elem` ["http:","https:"] ->
+               openURL (T.pack src)
+           | map toLower (uriScheme u) == "file:" ->
                (,Nothing) <$>
                  readFileStrict (uriPathToPath $ T.pack $ uriPath u)
     _       -> (,Nothing) <$> readFileStrict src
diff --git a/src/Text/Pandoc/Class/PandocMonad.hs b/src/Text/Pandoc/Class/PandocMonad.hs
index 48cbfbf10..ba4e682f0 100644
--- a/src/Text/Pandoc/Class/PandocMonad.hs
+++ b/src/Text/Pandoc/Class/PandocMonad.hs
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ module Text.Pandoc.Class.PandocMonad
 import Control.Monad.Except (MonadError (catchError, throwError))
 import Control.Monad.Trans (MonadTrans, lift)
 import Control.Monad (when)
-import Data.Char (chr, digitToInt, isHexDigit)
+import Data.Char (chr, digitToInt, isHexDigit, toLower)
 import Data.List (intercalate)
 import Data.Word (Word8)
 import Data.Time (UTCTime)
@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ downloadOrRead :: PandocMonad m
                => T.Text
                -> m (B.ByteString, Maybe MimeType)
 downloadOrRead s
- | "data:" `T.isPrefixOf` s,
+ | T.toLower (T.take 5 s) == "data:",
    Right (bs, mt) <- A.parseOnly (pBase64DataURI <* A.endOfInput) s
    = pure (bs, Just mt)
  | otherwise = do
@@ -403,9 +403,10 @@ downloadOrRead s
             Nothing -> openURL s' -- will throw error
     (Nothing, s') ->
        case parseURI (T.unpack s') of  -- requires absolute URI
-            Just URI{ uriScheme = "file:", uriPath = upath}
+            Just URI{ uriScheme = sch, uriPath = upath}
+              | map toLower sch == "file:"
               -> readLocalFile $ uriPathToPath (T.pack upath)
-            Just URI{ uriScheme = "data:", uriPath = upath}
+              | map toLower sch == "data:"
               -> pure $ extractURIData upath
             -- We don't want to treat C:/ as a scheme:
             Just u' | length (uriScheme u') > 2 -> openURL (T.pack $ show u')
diff --git a/src/Text/Pandoc/MediaBag.hs b/src/Text/Pandoc/MediaBag.hs
index 56333ff79..f3b28bb30 100644
--- a/src/Text/Pandoc/MediaBag.hs
+++ b/src/Text/Pandoc/MediaBag.hs
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ module Text.Pandoc.MediaBag (
                      ) where
 import Crypto.Hash (hashlazy, Digest, SHA1)
 import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy as BL
+import Data.Char (toLower)
 import Data.Data (Data)
 import qualified Data.Map as M
 import Data.Maybe (fromMaybe, isNothing)
@@ -55,12 +56,16 @@ newtype MediaBag = MediaBag (M.Map Text MediaItem)
 instance Show MediaBag where
   show bag = "MediaBag " ++ show (mediaDirectory bag)
 
+-- | Check for the (case-insensitive) @data:@ URI scheme.
+isDataURI :: FilePath -> Bool
+isDataURI = (== "data:") . map toLower . take 5
+
 -- | We represent paths with /, in normalized form.  Percent-encoding
 -- is not resolved.
 canonicalize :: FilePath -> Text
--- avoid an expensive call to isURI for data URIs:
-canonicalize fp@('d':'a':'t':'a':':':_) = T.pack fp
 canonicalize fp
+  -- avoid an expensive call to isURI for data URIs:
+  | isDataURI fp = T.pack fp
   | isURI fp = T.pack fp
   | otherwise = T.replace "\\" "/" . T.pack . normalise $ fp
 
@@ -80,7 +85,7 @@ insertMedia :: FilePath       -- ^ relative path and canonical name of resource
             -> MediaBag
             -> MediaBag
 insertMedia fp mbMime contents (MediaBag mediamap)
- | 'd':'a':'t':'a':':':_ <- fp
+ | isDataURI fp
  , Just mt' <- mbMime
    = MediaBag (M.insert fp'
                MediaItem{ mediaPath = hashpath
diff --git a/src/Text/Pandoc/URI.hs b/src/Text/Pandoc/URI.hs
index 6086cbe8b..c66d219ba 100644
--- a/src/Text/Pandoc/URI.hs
+++ b/src/Text/Pandoc/URI.hs
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ pBase64DataURI :: A.Parser (B.ByteString, MimeType)
 pBase64DataURI = base64uri
  where
   base64uri = do
-    A.string "data:"
+    A.asciiCI "data:"  -- the scheme is case-insensitive (RFC 3986)
     mime <- do
       n1 <- restrictedName
       A.char '/'
diff --git a/test/Tests/MediaBag.hs b/test/Tests/MediaBag.hs
index 8c7be1fe3..e47c0c49c 100644
--- a/test/Tests/MediaBag.hs
+++ b/test/Tests/MediaBag.hs
@@ -27,7 +27,9 @@ tests = [
                   -- absolute path -> extracted with hashed name
                   B.para (B.image (T.pack absLalune) "" mempty) <>
                   B.para (B.image "data:image/png;base64,cHJpbnQgImhlbGxvIgo=;.lua+%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2fa%2elua" "" mempty) <>
-                  B.para (B.image "data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" "" mempty)
+                  B.para (B.image "data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" "" mempty) <>
+                  -- the data: scheme is case-insensitive
+                  B.para (B.image "DATA:image/gif;base64,dXBwZXJjYXNlIGRhdGEgdXJpIHRlc3QK" "" mempty)
         let fooDir = absTmpdir </> "foo"
         runIOorExplode $ do
           fillMediaBag d
@@ -42,6 +44,9 @@ tests = [
           (exists3 && not exists4)
         exists5 <- doesFileExist (fooDir </> "d5fceb6532643d0d84ffe09c40c481ecdf59e15a.gif")
         assertBool "data uri with gif is not properly decoded" exists5
+        exists5a <- doesFileExist
+          (fooDir </> "81c7546d23179ce1b344a763aa9038c3a8ff85d0.gif")
+        assertBool "data uri with uppercase scheme is not extracted" exists5a
         -- double-encoded version:
         let e = B.doc $
                   B.para (B.image "data:image/png;base64,cHJpbnQgInB3bmVkIgo=;.lua+%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252fb%252elua" "" mempty)