diff --git a/.github/workflows/ai-provider-integration-tests.yaml b/.github/workflows/ai-provider-integration-tests.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3b66bf78b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/ai-provider-integration-tests.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+name: AI Provider Integration Tests
+
+# Hits real provider APIs with cheap models, so we only run when the
+# files exercised by these tests change. Each provider's test reads its
+# credential from PUTER_TEST_AI_<PROVIDER>_API_KEY and skips itself
+# silently if the secret is missing — fork PRs see green skips, the
+# main repo runs the tests it has secrets for.
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    types: [opened, synchronize, reopened]
+    paths:
+      - 'src/backend/drivers/ai-chat/**'
+      - 'src/backend/drivers/ai-image/**'
+      - 'src/backend/drivers/ai-tts/**'
+      - 'src/backend/drivers/integrationTestUtil.ts'
+      - '.github/workflows/ai-provider-integration-tests.yaml'
+      - 'package.json'
+      - 'package-lock.json'
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  test:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    # Skip on PRs from forks: secrets are not exposed there, so every
+    # test would skip anyway. Keeps the actions tab clean.
+    if: github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == github.repository
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Set up Node.js
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        with:
+          node-version: '24'
+          cache: 'npm'
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: npm ci
+
+      - name: Run AI provider integration tests
+        # Vitest treats positional args as filename substring filters.
+        # The pattern matches every `*.integration.test.ts` file and
+        # nothing else — the regular backend test suite stays out.
+        run: npm run test:backend -- integration.test
+        env:
+          CI: 'true'
+          PUTER_TEST_AI_CLAUDE_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.PUTER_TEST_AI_CLAUDE_API_KEY }}
+          PUTER_TEST_AI_OPENAI_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.PUTER_TEST_AI_OPENAI_API_KEY }}
+          PUTER_TEST_AI_GEMINI_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.PUTER_TEST_AI_GEMINI_API_KEY }}
+          PUTER_TEST_AI_GROQ_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.PUTER_TEST_AI_GROQ_API_KEY }}
+          PUTER_TEST_AI_MISTRAL_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.PUTER_TEST_AI_MISTRAL_API_KEY }}
+          PUTER_TEST_AI_DEEPSEEK_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.PUTER_TEST_AI_DEEPSEEK_API_KEY }}
+          PUTER_TEST_AI_XAI_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.PUTER_TEST_AI_XAI_API_KEY }}
+          PUTER_TEST_AI_OPENROUTER_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.PUTER_TEST_AI_OPENROUTER_API_KEY }}
+          PUTER_TEST_AI_TOGETHER_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.PUTER_TEST_AI_TOGETHER_API_KEY }}
+          PUTER_TEST_AI_MOONSHOT_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.PUTER_TEST_AI_MOONSHOT_API_KEY }}
+          PUTER_TEST_AI_ZAI_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.PUTER_TEST_AI_ZAI_API_KEY }}
+          PUTER_TEST_AI_ELEVENLABS_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.PUTER_TEST_AI_ELEVENLABS_API_KEY }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/backend-tests.yaml b/.github/workflows/backend-tests.yaml
index a3299295b..9d24cc32c 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/backend-tests.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/backend-tests.yaml
@@ -11,10 +11,21 @@ permissions:
 jobs:
   test:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - ref: ${{ github.base_ref }}
+            artifact: base
+          - ref: ${{ github.head_ref }}
+            artifact: pr
 
     steps:
-      - name: Checkout repository
+      - name: Checkout ${{ matrix.ref }}
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          ref: ${{ matrix.ref }}
+          repository: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name }}
 
       - name: Set up Node.js
         uses: actions/setup-node@v4
@@ -30,17 +41,37 @@ jobs:
         env:
           CI: 'true'
 
-      - name: Report coverage on PR
-        if: always()
-        uses: davelosert/vitest-coverage-report-action@v2
-        with:
-          json-summary-path: src/backend/coverage/coverage-summary.json
-          json-final-path: src/backend/coverage/coverage-final.json
-
       - name: Upload coverage artifact
         if: always()
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
-          name: backend-coverage
+          name: backend-coverage-${{ matrix.artifact }}
           path: src/backend/coverage/
           retention-days: 14
+
+  report-coverage:
+    needs: test
+    if: always()
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Download PR coverage
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: backend-coverage-pr
+          path: src/backend/coverage
+
+      - name: Download base coverage
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: backend-coverage-base
+          path: coverage-base
+
+      - name: Report coverage on PR
+        uses: davelosert/vitest-coverage-report-action@v2
+        with:
+          json-summary-path: src/backend/coverage/coverage-summary.json
+          json-final-path: src/backend/coverage/coverage-final.json
+          json-summary-compare-path: coverage-base/coverage-summary.json
diff --git a/src/backend/drivers/ai-chat/providers/claude/ClaudeProvider.integration.test.ts b/src/backend/drivers/ai-chat/providers/claude/ClaudeProvider.integration.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fa641d6d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/drivers/ai-chat/providers/claude/ClaudeProvider.integration.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2024-present Puter Technologies Inc.
+ *
+ * This file is part of Puter.
+ *
+ * Puter is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published
+ * by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Integration test for the Claude provider.
+ *
+ * Hits the real Anthropic API with a tiny prompt against the cheapest
+ * model (Haiku) so the smoke check runs fast and doesn't accumulate
+ * cost. Skipped automatically when `PUTER_TEST_AI_CLAUDE_API_KEY` is
+ * not set; in CI, only triggered when the Claude provider source
+ * actually changes (see `.github/workflows/ai-provider-integration-tests.yaml`).
+ */
+
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import {
+    makeMeteringStub,
+    optionalEnv,
+    skipUnlessEnv,
+    withTestActor,
+} from '../../../integrationTestUtil.js';
+import { ClaudeProvider } from './ClaudeProvider.js';
+
+const ENV_VAR = 'PUTER_TEST_AI_CLAUDE_API_KEY';
+
+describe.skipIf(skipUnlessEnv(ENV_VAR))('ClaudeProvider (integration)', () => {
+    const buildProvider = () =>
+        new ClaudeProvider(
+            makeMeteringStub(),
+            // Stores / FS only consulted for `puter_path` uploads — text-only
+            // prompts never reach those code paths.
+            { fsEntry: undefined as never, s3Object: undefined as never },
+            undefined as never,
+            { apiKey: optionalEnv(ENV_VAR)! },
+        );
+
+    it('returns a non-empty completion from claude-haiku-4-5', async () => {
+        const provider = buildProvider();
+        const result = await withTestActor(() =>
+            provider.complete({
+                model: 'claude-haiku-4-5-20251001',
+                messages: [{ role: 'user', content: 'Say hi in one word.' }],
+                max_tokens: 16,
+            }),
+        );
+
+        expect(result).toHaveProperty('message');
+        const content = (result as { message: { content: unknown } }).message
+            .content as Array<{ type: string; text?: string }>;
+        expect(Array.isArray(content)).toBe(true);
+        const text = content.find((c) => c.type === 'text')?.text ?? '';
+        expect(text.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    });
+});
diff --git a/src/backend/drivers/ai-chat/providers/deepseek/DeepSeekProvider.integration.test.ts b/src/backend/drivers/ai-chat/providers/deepseek/DeepSeekProvider.integration.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3c4c106f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/drivers/ai-chat/providers/deepseek/DeepSeekProvider.integration.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2024-present Puter Technologies Inc.
+ *
+ * This file is part of Puter.
+ *
+ * Puter is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published
+ * by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Integration test for the DeepSeek provider.
+ *
+ * Uses `deepseek-chat` (the cheap V3 chat model, provider default).
+ * Skipped when `PUTER_TEST_AI_DEEPSEEK_API_KEY` is unset.
+ */
+
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import {
+    makeMeteringStub,
+    optionalEnv,
+    skipUnlessEnv,
+    withTestActor,
+} from '../../../integrationTestUtil.js';
+import { DeepSeekProvider } from './DeepSeekProvider.js';
+
+const ENV_VAR = 'PUTER_TEST_AI_DEEPSEEK_API_KEY';
+
+describe.skipIf(skipUnlessEnv(ENV_VAR))(
+    'DeepSeekProvider (integration)',
+    () => {
+        it('returns a non-empty completion from deepseek-chat', async () => {
+            const provider = new DeepSeekProvider(
+                { apiKey: optionalEnv(ENV_VAR)! },
+                makeMeteringStub(),
+            );
+
+            const result = await withTestActor(() =>
+                provider.complete({
+                    model: 'deepseek-chat',
+                    messages: [
+                        { role: 'user', content: 'Say hi in one word.' },
+                    ],
+                    max_tokens: 16,
+                }),
+            );
+
+            const text = (result as { message?: { content?: string } }).message
+                ?.content;
+            expect(typeof text === 'string' && text.length > 0).toBe(true);
+        });
+    },
+);
diff --git a/src/backend/drivers/ai-chat/providers/gemini/GeminiChatProvider.integration.test.ts b/src/backend/drivers/ai-chat/providers/gemini/GeminiChatProvider.integration.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5611c2442
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/drivers/ai-chat/providers/gemini/GeminiChatProvider.integration.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2024-present Puter Technologies Inc.
+ *
+ * This file is part of Puter.
+ *
+ * Puter is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published
+ * by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Integration test for the Gemini chat provider.
+ *
+ * Hits the real Google Gemini API with `gemini-2.0-flash-lite` (one
+ * of the cheapest variants). Skipped when `PUTER_TEST_AI_GEMINI_API_KEY`
+ * is unset.
+ */
+
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import {
+    makeMeteringStub,
+    optionalEnv,
+    skipUnlessEnv,
+    withTestActor,
+} from '../../../integrationTestUtil.js';
+import { GeminiChatProvider } from './GeminiChatProvider.js';
+
+const ENV_VAR = 'PUTER_TEST_AI_GEMINI_API_KEY';
+
+describe.skipIf(skipUnlessEnv(ENV_VAR))(
+    'GeminiChatProvider (integration)',
+    () => {
+        it('returns a non-empty completion from gemini-2.0-flash-lite', async () => {
+            const provider = new GeminiChatProvider(makeMeteringStub(), {
+                apiKey: optionalEnv(ENV_VAR)!,
+            });
+
+            const result = await withTestActor(() =>
+                provider.complete({
+                    model: 'gemini-2.0-flash-lite',
+                    messages: [
+                        { role: 'user', content: 'Say hi in one word.' },
+                    ],
+                    max_tokens: 16,
+                }),
+            );
+
+            const text = (result as { message?: { content?: string } }).message
+                ?.content;
+            expect(typeof text === 'string' && text.length > 0).toBe(true);
+        });
+    },
+);
diff --git a/src/backend/drivers/ai-chat/providers/groq/GroqAIProvider.integration.test.ts b/src/backend/drivers/ai-chat/providers/groq/GroqAIProvider.integration.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4689cf644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/drivers/ai-chat/providers/groq/GroqAIProvider.integration.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2024-present Puter Technologies Inc.
+ *
+ * This file is part of Puter.
+ *
+ * Puter is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published
+ * by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Integration test for the Groq provider.
+ *
+ * Uses `llama-3.1-8b-instant` (the provider's default and cheapest
+ * generally-available model). Skipped when `PUTER_TEST_AI_GROQ_API_KEY`
+ * is unset.
+ */
+
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import {
+    makeMeteringStub,
+    optionalEnv,
+    skipUnlessEnv,
+    withTestActor,
+} from '../../../integrationTestUtil.js';
+import { GroqAIProvider } from './GroqAIProvider.js';
+
+const ENV_VAR = 'PUTER_TEST_AI_GROQ_API_KEY';
+
+describe.skipIf(skipUnlessEnv(ENV_VAR))('GroqAIProvider (integration)', () => {
+    it('returns a non-empty completion from llama-3.1-8b-instant', async () => {
+        const provider = new GroqAIProvider(
+            { apiKey: optionalEnv(ENV_VAR)! },
+            makeMeteringStub(),
+        );
+
+        const result = await withTestActor(() =>
+            provider.complete({
+                model: 'llama-3.1-8b-instant',
+                messages: [{ role: 'user', content: 'Say hi in one word.' }],
+                max_tokens: 16,
+            }),
+        );
+
+        const text = (result as { message?: { content?: string } }).message
+            ?.content;
+        expect(typeof text === 'string' && text.length > 0).toBe(true);
+    });
+});
diff --git a/src/backend/drivers/ai-chat/providers/mistral/MistralAiProvider.integration.test.ts b/src/backend/drivers/ai-chat/providers/mistral/MistralAiProvider.integration.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b18bd2481
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/drivers/ai-chat/providers/mistral/MistralAiProvider.integration.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2024-present Puter Technologies Inc.
+ *
+ * This file is part of Puter.
+ *
+ * Puter is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published
+ * by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Integration test for the Mistral provider.
+ *
+ * Uses `mistral-small-2506` (provider default, cheapest tier). Skipped
+ * when `PUTER_TEST_AI_MISTRAL_API_KEY` is unset.
+ */
+
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import {
+    makeMeteringStub,
+    optionalEnv,
+    skipUnlessEnv,
+    withTestActor,
+} from '../../../integrationTestUtil.js';
+import { MistralAIProvider } from './MistralAiProvider.js';
+
+const ENV_VAR = 'PUTER_TEST_AI_MISTRAL_API_KEY';
+
+describe.skipIf(skipUnlessEnv(ENV_VAR))(
+    'MistralAIProvider (integration)',
+    () => {
+        it('returns a non-empty completion from mistral-small', async () => {
+            const provider = new MistralAIProvider(
+                { apiKey: optionalEnv(ENV_VAR)! },
+                makeMeteringStub(),
+            );
+
+            const result = await withTestActor(() =>
+                provider.complete({
+                    model: 'mistral-small-2506',
+                    messages: [
+                        { role: 'user', content: 'Say hi in one word.' },
+                    ],
+                    max_tokens: 16,
+                }),
+            );
+
+            const text = (result as { message?: { content?: unknown } }).message
+                ?.content;
+            // Mistral SDK may return string or array of content parts.
+            const asString =
+                typeof text === 'string'
+                    ? text
+                    : Array.isArray(text)
+                      ? text
+                            .map((p) =>
+                                typeof p === 'string'
+                                    ? p
+                                    : (p as { text?: string })?.text,
+                            )
+                            .filter(Boolean)
+                            .join('')
+                      : '';
+            expect(asString.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+        });
+    },
+);
diff --git a/src/backend/drivers/ai-chat/providers/moonshot/MoonshotProvider.integration.test.ts b/src/backend/drivers/ai-chat/providers/moonshot/MoonshotProvider.integration.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..146df4cf3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/drivers/ai-chat/providers/moonshot/MoonshotProvider.integration.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2024-present Puter Technologies Inc.
+ *
+ * This file is part of Puter.
+ *
+ * Puter is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published
+ * by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Integration test for the Moonshot provider.
+ *
+ * Uses `moonshot-v1-8k` (the cheapest 8K-context variant). Skipped
+ * when `PUTER_TEST_AI_MOONSHOT_API_KEY` is unset.
+ */
+
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import {
+    makeMeteringStub,
+    optionalEnv,
+    skipUnlessEnv,
+    withTestActor,
+} from '../../../integrationTestUtil.js';
+import { MoonshotProvider } from './MoonshotProvider.js';
+
+const ENV_VAR = 'PUTER_TEST_AI_MOONSHOT_API_KEY';
+
+describe.skipIf(skipUnlessEnv(ENV_VAR))(
+    'MoonshotProvider (integration)',
+    () => {
+        it('returns a non-empty completion from moonshot-v1-8k', async () => {
+            const provider = new MoonshotProvider(
+                { apiKey: optionalEnv(ENV_VAR)! },
+                makeMeteringStub(),
+            );
+
+            const result = await withTestActor(() =>
+                provider.complete({
+                    model: 'moonshot-v1-8k',
+                    messages: [
+                        { role: 'user', content: 'Say hi in one word.' },
+                    ],
+                    max_tokens: 16,
+                }),
+            );
+
+            const text = (result as { message?: { content?: string } }).message
+                ?.content;
+            expect(typeof text === 'string' && text.length > 0).toBe(true);
+        });
+    },
+);
diff --git a/src/backend/drivers/ai-chat/providers/openai/OpenAiChatCompletionsProvider.integration.test.ts b/src/backend/drivers/ai-chat/providers/openai/OpenAiChatCompletionsProvider.integration.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a754f3aff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/drivers/ai-chat/providers/openai/OpenAiChatCompletionsProvider.integration.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2024-present Puter Technologies Inc.
+ *
+ * This file is part of Puter.
+ *
+ * Puter is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published
+ * by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Integration test for the OpenAI chat-completions provider.
+ *
+ * Hits the real OpenAI API with `gpt-4o-mini` — non-reasoning so
+ * `max_tokens=16` actually returns visible text (reasoning models like
+ * `gpt-5-nano` would burn the budget on thinking tokens before
+ * emitting any response). Skipped when `PUTER_TEST_AI_OPENAI_API_KEY`
+ * is unset.
+ */
+
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import {
+    makeMeteringStub,
+    optionalEnv,
+    skipUnlessEnv,
+    withTestActor,
+} from '../../../integrationTestUtil.js';
+import { OpenAiChatProvider } from './OpenAiChatCompletionsProvider.js';
+
+const ENV_VAR = 'PUTER_TEST_AI_OPENAI_API_KEY';
+
+describe.skipIf(skipUnlessEnv(ENV_VAR))(
+    'OpenAiChatCompletionsProvider (integration)',
+    () => {
+        const buildProvider = () =>
+            new OpenAiChatProvider(
+                makeMeteringStub(),
+                { fsEntry: undefined as never, s3Object: undefined as never },
+                undefined as never,
+                { apiKey: optionalEnv(ENV_VAR)! },
+            );
+
+        it('returns a non-empty completion from gpt-4o-mini', async () => {
+            const provider = buildProvider();
+            const result = await withTestActor(() =>
+                provider.complete({
+                    model: 'gpt-4o-mini',
+                    messages: [
+                        { role: 'user', content: 'Say hi in one word.' },
+                    ],
+                    max_tokens: 16,
+                }),
+            );
+
+            // OpenAIUtil returns the OpenAI choice object directly.
+            const text = (result as { message?: { content?: string } }).message
+                ?.content;
+            expect(typeof text === 'string' && text.length > 0).toBe(true);
+        });
+    },
+);
diff --git a/src/backend/drivers/ai-chat/providers/openrouter/OpenRouterProvider.integration.test.ts b/src/backend/drivers/ai-chat/providers/openrouter/OpenRouterProvider.integration.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ef25776c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/drivers/ai-chat/providers/openrouter/OpenRouterProvider.integration.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2024-present Puter Technologies Inc.
+ *
+ * This file is part of Puter.
+ *
+ * Puter is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published
+ * by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Integration test for the OpenRouter aggregator.
+ *
+ * Routes through OpenRouter to a tiny upstream model
+ * (`google/gemini-2.0-flash-lite-001`). Skipped when
+ * `PUTER_TEST_AI_OPENROUTER_API_KEY` is unset.
+ */
+
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import {
+    makeMeteringStub,
+    optionalEnv,
+    skipUnlessEnv,
+    withTestActor,
+} from '../../../integrationTestUtil.js';
+import { OpenRouterProvider } from './OpenRouterProvider.js';
+
+const ENV_VAR = 'PUTER_TEST_AI_OPENROUTER_API_KEY';
+
+describe.skipIf(skipUnlessEnv(ENV_VAR))(
+    'OpenRouterProvider (integration)',
+    () => {
+        it('returns a non-empty completion via OpenRouter', async () => {
+            const provider = new OpenRouterProvider(
+                { apiKey: optionalEnv(ENV_VAR)! },
+                makeMeteringStub(),
+            );
+
+            const result = await withTestActor(() =>
+                provider.complete({
+                    model: 'openrouter:google/gemini-2.0-flash-lite-001',
+                    messages: [
+                        { role: 'user', content: 'Say hi in one word.' },
+                    ],
+                    max_tokens: 16,
+                }),
+            );
+
+            const text = (result as { message?: { content?: string } }).message
+                ?.content;
+            expect(typeof text === 'string' && text.length > 0).toBe(true);
+        });
+    },
+);
diff --git a/src/backend/drivers/ai-chat/providers/together/TogetherAIProvider.integration.test.ts b/src/backend/drivers/ai-chat/providers/together/TogetherAIProvider.integration.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e5d16da4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/drivers/ai-chat/providers/together/TogetherAIProvider.integration.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2024-present Puter Technologies Inc.
+ *
+ * This file is part of Puter.
+ *
+ * Puter is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published
+ * by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Integration test for the Together AI provider.
+ *
+ * Uses the `meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct-Turbo` cheap variant
+ * via Together. Skipped when `PUTER_TEST_AI_TOGETHER_API_KEY` is unset.
+ */
+
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import {
+    makeMeteringStub,
+    optionalEnv,
+    skipUnlessEnv,
+    withTestActor,
+} from '../../../integrationTestUtil.js';
+import { TogetherAIProvider } from './TogetherAIProvider.js';
+
+const ENV_VAR = 'PUTER_TEST_AI_TOGETHER_API_KEY';
+
+describe.skipIf(skipUnlessEnv(ENV_VAR))(
+    'TogetherAIProvider (integration)',
+    () => {
+        it('returns a non-empty completion from Llama 3.1 8B', async () => {
+            const provider = new TogetherAIProvider(
+                { apiKey: optionalEnv(ENV_VAR)! },
+                makeMeteringStub(),
+            );
+
+            const result = await withTestActor(() =>
+                provider.complete({
+                    model: 'togetherai:meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct-Turbo',
+                    messages: [
+                        { role: 'user', content: 'Say hi in one word.' },
+                    ],
+                    max_tokens: 16,
+                }),
+            );
+
+            const text = (result as { message?: { content?: string } }).message
+                ?.content;
+            expect(typeof text === 'string' && text.length > 0).toBe(true);
+        });
+    },
+);
diff --git a/src/backend/drivers/ai-chat/providers/xai/XAIProvider.integration.test.ts b/src/backend/drivers/ai-chat/providers/xai/XAIProvider.integration.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5bd2c7b2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/drivers/ai-chat/providers/xai/XAIProvider.integration.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2024-present Puter Technologies Inc.
+ *
+ * This file is part of Puter.
+ *
+ * Puter is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published
+ * by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Integration test for the xAI (Grok) provider.
+ *
+ * Uses `grok-3-mini` — the cheapest small variant. Skipped when
+ * `PUTER_TEST_AI_XAI_API_KEY` is unset.
+ */
+
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import {
+    makeMeteringStub,
+    optionalEnv,
+    skipUnlessEnv,
+    withTestActor,
+} from '../../../integrationTestUtil.js';
+import { XAIProvider } from './XAIProvider.js';
+
+const ENV_VAR = 'PUTER_TEST_AI_XAI_API_KEY';
+
+describe.skipIf(skipUnlessEnv(ENV_VAR))('XAIProvider (integration)', () => {
+    it('returns a non-empty completion from grok-3-mini', async () => {
+        const provider = new XAIProvider(
+            { apiKey: optionalEnv(ENV_VAR)! },
+            makeMeteringStub(),
+        );
+
+        const result = await withTestActor(() =>
+            provider.complete({
+                model: 'grok-3-mini',
+                messages: [{ role: 'user', content: 'Say hi in one word.' }],
+                max_tokens: 16,
+            }),
+        );
+
+        const text = (result as { message?: { content?: string } }).message
+            ?.content;
+        expect(typeof text === 'string' && text.length > 0).toBe(true);
+    });
+});
diff --git a/src/backend/drivers/ai-chat/providers/zai/ZAIProvider.integration.test.ts b/src/backend/drivers/ai-chat/providers/zai/ZAIProvider.integration.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7ac7e5a5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/drivers/ai-chat/providers/zai/ZAIProvider.integration.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2024-present Puter Technologies Inc.
+ *
+ * This file is part of Puter.
+ *
+ * Puter is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published
+ * by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Integration test for the Z.AI (GLM) provider.
+ *
+ * Uses `glm-4.7-flashx` — the cheapest text variant on the price
+ * sheet. Skipped when `PUTER_TEST_AI_ZAI_API_KEY` is unset.
+ */
+
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import {
+    makeMeteringStub,
+    optionalEnv,
+    skipUnlessEnv,
+    withTestActor,
+} from '../../../integrationTestUtil.js';
+import { ZAIProvider } from './ZAIProvider.js';
+
+const ENV_VAR = 'PUTER_TEST_AI_ZAI_API_KEY';
+
+describe.skipIf(skipUnlessEnv(ENV_VAR))('ZAIProvider (integration)', () => {
+    it('returns a non-empty completion from glm-4.7-flashx', async () => {
+        const provider = new ZAIProvider(
+            { apiKey: optionalEnv(ENV_VAR)! },
+            makeMeteringStub(),
+        );
+
+        const result = await withTestActor(() =>
+            provider.complete({
+                model: 'glm-4.7-flashx',
+                messages: [{ role: 'user', content: 'Say hi in one word.' }],
+                max_tokens: 16,
+            }),
+        );
+
+        const text = (result as { message?: { content?: string } }).message
+            ?.content;
+        expect(typeof text === 'string' && text.length > 0).toBe(true);
+    });
+});
diff --git a/src/backend/drivers/ai-image/providers/gemini/GeminiImageProvider.integration.test.ts b/src/backend/drivers/ai-image/providers/gemini/GeminiImageProvider.integration.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6a683cb68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/drivers/ai-image/providers/gemini/GeminiImageProvider.integration.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2024-present Puter Technologies Inc.
+ *
+ * This file is part of Puter.
+ *
+ * Puter is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published
+ * by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Integration test for the Gemini image generation provider.
+ *
+ * Uses `imagen-4.0-fast-generate-001` ($0.02/image — cheapest
+ * Gemini imagen variant). Skipped when `PUTER_TEST_AI_GEMINI_API_KEY`
+ * is unset.
+ */
+
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import {
+    makeMeteringStub,
+    optionalEnv,
+    skipUnlessEnv,
+    withTestActor,
+} from '../../../integrationTestUtil.js';
+import { GeminiImageProvider } from './GeminiImageProvider.js';
+
+const ENV_VAR = 'PUTER_TEST_AI_GEMINI_API_KEY';
+
+describe.skipIf(skipUnlessEnv(ENV_VAR))(
+    'GeminiImageProvider (integration)',
+    () => {
+        it('returns image data from imagen-4.0-fast', async () => {
+            const provider = new GeminiImageProvider(
+                { apiKey: optionalEnv(ENV_VAR)! },
+                makeMeteringStub(),
+            );
+
+            const result = await withTestActor(() =>
+                provider.generate({
+                    model: 'imagen-4.0-fast-generate-001',
+                    prompt: 'a tiny red dot on a white background',
+                    ratio: { w: 1, h: 1 },
+                }),
+            );
+
+            expect(typeof result).toBe('string');
+            expect((result as string).length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+        });
+    },
+);
diff --git a/src/backend/drivers/ai-image/providers/openai/OpenAiImageProvider.integration.test.ts b/src/backend/drivers/ai-image/providers/openai/OpenAiImageProvider.integration.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b58e3055a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/drivers/ai-image/providers/openai/OpenAiImageProvider.integration.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2024-present Puter Technologies Inc.
+ *
+ * This file is part of Puter.
+ *
+ * Puter is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published
+ * by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Integration test for the OpenAI image generation provider.
+ *
+ * Uses `dall-e-2` at 256x256 — the cheapest OpenAI image
+ * configuration ($0.016/image). Skipped when
+ * `PUTER_TEST_AI_OPENAI_API_KEY` is unset.
+ */
+
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import {
+    makeMeteringStub,
+    optionalEnv,
+    skipUnlessEnv,
+    withTestActor,
+} from '../../../integrationTestUtil.js';
+import { OpenAiImageProvider } from './OpenAiImageProvider.js';
+
+const ENV_VAR = 'PUTER_TEST_AI_OPENAI_API_KEY';
+
+describe.skipIf(skipUnlessEnv(ENV_VAR))(
+    'OpenAiImageProvider (integration)',
+    () => {
+        it('returns an image url/data from dall-e-2 at 256x256', async () => {
+            const provider = new OpenAiImageProvider(
+                { apiKey: optionalEnv(ENV_VAR)! },
+                makeMeteringStub(),
+            );
+
+            const result = await withTestActor(() =>
+                provider.generate({
+                    model: 'dall-e-2',
+                    prompt: 'a tiny red dot on a white background',
+                    ratio: { w: 256, h: 256 },
+                }),
+            );
+
+            expect(typeof result).toBe('string');
+            expect((result as string).length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+        });
+    },
+);
diff --git a/src/backend/drivers/ai-tts/providers/elevenlabs/ElevenLabsTTSProvider.integration.test.ts b/src/backend/drivers/ai-tts/providers/elevenlabs/ElevenLabsTTSProvider.integration.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ed4ecfdd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/drivers/ai-tts/providers/elevenlabs/ElevenLabsTTSProvider.integration.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2024-present Puter Technologies Inc.
+ *
+ * This file is part of Puter.
+ *
+ * Puter is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published
+ * by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Integration test for the ElevenLabs TTS provider.
+ *
+ * Uses `eleven_flash_v2_5` (the cheapest tier) with a tiny input.
+ * Skipped when `PUTER_TEST_AI_ELEVENLABS_API_KEY` is unset.
+ */
+
+import { Readable } from 'node:stream';
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import {
+    makeMeteringStub,
+    optionalEnv,
+    skipUnlessEnv,
+    withTestActor,
+} from '../../../integrationTestUtil.js';
+import { ElevenLabsTTSProvider } from './ElevenLabsTTSProvider.js';
+
+const ENV_VAR = 'PUTER_TEST_AI_ELEVENLABS_API_KEY';
+
+describe.skipIf(skipUnlessEnv(ENV_VAR))(
+    'ElevenLabsTTSProvider (integration)',
+    () => {
+        it('returns an audio stream from eleven_flash_v2_5', async () => {
+            const provider = new ElevenLabsTTSProvider(makeMeteringStub(), {
+                apiKey: optionalEnv(ENV_VAR)!,
+            });
+
+            const result = (await withTestActor(() =>
+                provider.synthesize({
+                    text: 'hi',
+                    model: 'eleven_flash_v2_5',
+                }),
+            )) as { stream: Readable; content_type: string };
+
+            expect(result.stream).toBeInstanceOf(Readable);
+            const chunks: Buffer[] = [];
+            for await (const chunk of result.stream) {
+                chunks.push(chunk as Buffer);
+            }
+            const total = chunks.reduce((n, c) => n + c.length, 0);
+            expect(total).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+        });
+    },
+);
diff --git a/src/backend/drivers/ai-tts/providers/openai/OpenAITTSProvider.integration.test.ts b/src/backend/drivers/ai-tts/providers/openai/OpenAITTSProvider.integration.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e7e540413
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/drivers/ai-tts/providers/openai/OpenAITTSProvider.integration.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2024-present Puter Technologies Inc.
+ *
+ * This file is part of Puter.
+ *
+ * Puter is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published
+ * by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Integration test for the OpenAI TTS provider.
+ *
+ * Uses `tts-1` (the cheapest OpenAI TTS model) with a 2-character
+ * input to keep cost negligible. Skipped when
+ * `PUTER_TEST_AI_OPENAI_API_KEY` is unset.
+ */
+
+import { Readable } from 'node:stream';
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import {
+    makeMeteringStub,
+    optionalEnv,
+    skipUnlessEnv,
+    withTestActor,
+} from '../../../integrationTestUtil.js';
+import { OpenAITTSProvider } from './OpenAITTSProvider.js';
+
+const ENV_VAR = 'PUTER_TEST_AI_OPENAI_API_KEY';
+
+describe.skipIf(skipUnlessEnv(ENV_VAR))(
+    'OpenAITTSProvider (integration)',
+    () => {
+        it('returns an audio stream from tts-1', async () => {
+            const provider = new OpenAITTSProvider(makeMeteringStub(), {
+                apiKey: optionalEnv(ENV_VAR)!,
+            });
+
+            const result = (await withTestActor(() =>
+                provider.synthesize({
+                    text: 'hi',
+                    model: 'tts-1',
+                    voice: 'alloy',
+                    response_format: 'mp3',
+                }),
+            )) as { stream: Readable; content_type: string };
+
+            expect(result).toMatchObject({
+                content_type: expect.stringContaining('audio'),
+            });
+            expect(result.stream).toBeInstanceOf(Readable);
+
+            // Drain the stream so we know real bytes came back, not an
+            // empty placeholder.
+            const chunks: Buffer[] = [];
+            for await (const chunk of result.stream) {
+                chunks.push(chunk as Buffer);
+            }
+            const total = chunks.reduce((n, c) => n + c.length, 0);
+            expect(total).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+        });
+    },
+);
diff --git a/src/backend/drivers/integrationTestUtil.ts b/src/backend/drivers/integrationTestUtil.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..275576d51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/drivers/integrationTestUtil.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2024-present Puter Technologies Inc.
+ *
+ * This file is part of Puter.
+ *
+ * Puter is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published
+ * by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Shared utilities for AI provider integration tests.
+ *
+ * Each test reads its credentials from `PUTER_TEST_AI_*` env vars
+ * (loaded by the vitest config's `PUTER_` prefix) and skips itself
+ * when the var is missing — tests run only on developer machines and
+ * in CI environments that supply the right secrets.
+ *
+ * Filename intentionally omits `.test.` so vitest does not treat this
+ * helper as a test file.
+ */
+
+import type { Actor } from '../core/actor.js';
+import { SYSTEM_ACTOR } from '../core/actor.js';
+import { runWithContext } from '../core/context.js';
+import type { MeteringService } from '../services/metering/MeteringService.js';
+
+/**
+ * Returns the env var value, or `undefined` if missing/empty.
+ * Used as the gate for `describe.skipIf` blocks.
+ */
+export const optionalEnv = (name: string): string | undefined => {
+    const v = process.env[name];
+    return v && v.length > 0 ? v : undefined;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns true when the env var is unset, signaling the test block
+ * should be skipped. Pair with `describe.skipIf(skipUnlessEnv(...))`.
+ */
+export const skipUnlessEnv = (name: string): boolean => !optionalEnv(name);
+
+/**
+ * Returns a no-op MeteringService stub. Real metering would write to
+ * DynamoDB / Redis, which integration tests for AI providers don't
+ * care about — we just need the provider's metering calls to not
+ * throw and to short-circuit credit checks.
+ */
+export const makeMeteringStub = (): MeteringService =>
+    ({
+        utilRecordUsageObject: () => Promise.resolve([] as never),
+        incrementUsage: () => Promise.resolve({} as never),
+        batchIncrementUsages: () => Promise.resolve([] as never),
+        hasEnoughCredits: () => Promise.resolve(true),
+        getReportedCosts: () => [],
+    }) as unknown as MeteringService;
+
+/**
+ * Run `fn` inside a request-scoped context with `SYSTEM_ACTOR` set,
+ * which is what providers expect (`Context.get('actor')`). The system
+ * actor bypasses metering / quota gates by design.
+ */
+export const withTestActor = <T>(
+    fn: () => T | Promise<T>,
+    actor: Actor = SYSTEM_ACTOR,
+): Promise<T> =>
+    Promise.resolve(
+        runWithContext({ actor, requestId: 'integration-test' }, fn),
+    );