diff --git a/docs/managed-code-analysis.md b/docs/managed-code-analysis.md
index c167f40e2d..f84a16a8a9 100644
--- a/docs/managed-code-analysis.md
+++ b/docs/managed-code-analysis.md
@@ -105,9 +105,9 @@ generic method it instantiates. A field access is named only by a field or a
 field-signature MemberRef. TypeSpec and MethodSpec blobs are decoded with the
 member-signature grammar, and a MethodSpec must instantiate a generic method
 with as many type arguments as it declares. Malformed or unsupported rows and
-blobs, and arity mismatches, make coverage partial; a readable MethodSpec
-method column keeps its name. Older member Evidence without these fields reads
-them as `null`: unknown.
+blobs, and arity mismatches, make coverage partial. A readable MethodSpec
+method column, or a TypeRef whose resolution scope is invalid, keeps its name.
+Older member Evidence without these fields reads them as `null`: unknown.
 
 ## Analysis objective
 
diff --git a/src/dotnet/ManagedMemberInspector.test.ts b/src/dotnet/ManagedMemberInspector.test.ts
index 6d53f86beb..9e3a8cc6b7 100644
--- a/src/dotnet/ManagedMemberInspector.test.ts
+++ b/src/dotnet/ManagedMemberInspector.test.ts
@@ -263,6 +263,18 @@ describe("managed edge target declaring types", () => {
     });
   });
 
+  it("keeps a TypeRef name beside an invalid resolution scope", () => {
+    // AssemblyRef 9 does not exist.
+    const result = inspect({ typeRefScopeRaw: (9 << 2) | 2 });
+
+    expect(result.member_refs[0]?.parent_name).toBe(attribute);
+    expect(result.call_edges[0]?.target_declaring_type).toBe(attribute);
+    expect(result.coverage).toMatchObject({
+      state: "partial",
+      issues: [{ code: "invalid-row", scope: "metadata.TypeRef:0x01000001" }],
+    });
+  });
+
   it("names field MemberRefs as fields and leaves mismatched member kinds unnamed", () => {
     const result = inspect({
       memberRefName: "Empty",
@@ -355,6 +367,13 @@ describe("managed MethodSpec call targets", () => {
       Buffer.from([0x0a, 0x01, 0x0e]),
       "does not have a decodable method signature",
     ],
+    [
+      "a property signature",
+      // PROPERTY | GENERIC, one generic parameter, no parameters, void.
+      { memberRefSignature: Buffer.from([0x18, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01]) },
+      Buffer.from([0x0a, 0x01, 0x0e]),
+      "does not have a decodable method signature",
+    ],
   ])(
     "reports a MethodSpec that instantiates %s",
     (_case, options, methodSpecInstantiation, detail) => {
@@ -926,6 +945,16 @@ it.each([
   });
 });
 
+it.each([
+  ["a property header", [0x08, 0x00, 0x08]],
+  ["an explicit-this header without has-this", [0x40, 0x00, 0x01]],
+])("reports %s as a malformed member signature", (_name, blob) => {
+  expect(signature(Buffer.from(blob))).toMatchObject({
+    kind: "unknown",
+    parse_status: "malformed",
+  });
+});
+
 it("rejects array ranks beyond the CLR limit before rendering dimensions", () => {
   expect(
     signature(
diff --git a/src/dotnet/ManagedMemberInspectorCore.ts b/src/dotnet/ManagedMemberInspectorCore.ts
index 180ad2e6ae..1819504d14 100644
--- a/src/dotnet/ManagedMemberInspectorCore.ts
+++ b/src/dotnet/ManagedMemberInspectorCore.ts
@@ -338,6 +338,18 @@ interface MethodSignatureHeader {
   readonly next: number;
 }
 
+// A method signature, whether a member's or one FNPTR carries, uses managed
+// DEFAULT/VARARG or the unmanaged C, STDCALL, THISCALL, FASTCALL, and
+// UNMANAGED conventions that compilers emit for unmanaged function pointers.
+// FIELD, LOCAL_SIG, PROPERTY, and GENERICINST headers are not method
+// signatures.
+const METHOD_CALLING_CONVENTIONS = new Set([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9]);
+
+/**
+ * Read a method signature's calling convention and counts. A header that is
+ * not a method signature, sets the reserved bit, or sets EXPLICITTHIS without
+ * HASTHIS is malformed, so no caller consumes its counts.
+ */
 const readMethodSignatureHeader = (
   blob: Buffer,
   offset: number,
@@ -345,6 +357,15 @@ const readMethodSignatureHeader = (
   const first = blob[offset];
   if (first === undefined)
     return malformedSignature("truncated method signature", offset);
+  if (
+    !METHOD_CALLING_CONVENTIONS.has(first & 0x0f) ||
+    (first & 0x80) !== 0 ||
+    ((first & 0x40) !== 0 && (first & 0x20) === 0)
+  )
+    return malformedSignature(
+      `calling convention 0x${first.toString(16)} does not head a method signature`,
+      offset,
+    );
   let next = offset + 1;
   let genericParameterCount: number | null = null;
   if ((first & 0x10) !== 0) {
@@ -363,12 +384,6 @@ const readMethodSignatureHeader = (
 
 const MAX_ARRAY_RANK = 32;
 
-// FNPTR carries a method signature: managed DEFAULT/VARARG, or the unmanaged
-// C, STDCALL, THISCALL, FASTCALL, and UNMANAGED conventions that compilers
-// emit for unmanaged function pointers. FIELD, LOCAL_SIG, PROPERTY, and
-// GENERICINST headers are not method signatures.
-const FUNCTION_POINTER_CONVENTIONS = new Set([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9]);
-
 const arrayShape = (
   blob: Buffer,
   offset: number,
@@ -523,15 +538,6 @@ const readTypeSignature = (
       cursor = argumentCount.next;
     } else if (kind === 0x1b) {
       const header = readMethodSignatureHeader(blob, cursor + 1);
-      if (
-        !FUNCTION_POINTER_CONVENTIONS.has(header.first & 0x0f) ||
-        (header.first & 0x80) !== 0 ||
-        ((header.first & 0x40) !== 0 && (header.first & 0x20) === 0)
-      )
-        return malformedSignature(
-          `function pointer calling convention 0x${header.first.toString(16)} does not head a method signature`,
-          cursor + 1,
-        );
       const convention = callingConvention(header.first);
       const head =
         header.genericParameterCount === null
@@ -659,10 +665,9 @@ export const specSignature = (
 
 /**
  * Generic parameter count a method signature declares, 0 when it is not
- * generic, or null when the blob is a field signature or does not decode.
+ * generic, or null when the blob is not a method signature header.
  */
 export const methodGenericArity = (blob: Buffer): number | null => {
-  if (((blob[0] ?? 0) & 0x0f) === 6) return null;
   try {
     return readMethodSignatureHeader(blob, 0).genericParameterCount ?? 0;
   } catch (cause: unknown) {
diff --git a/src/dotnet/ManagedPe.fixture.ts b/src/dotnet/ManagedPe.fixture.ts
index 948a66b7be..7ea2b06b47 100644
--- a/src/dotnet/ManagedPe.fixture.ts
+++ b/src/dotnet/ManagedPe.fixture.ts
@@ -37,6 +37,8 @@ interface ManagedPeFixtureOptions {
   readonly methodSpecInstantiation?: Buffer;
   /** TypeSpec signature blobs, one TypeSpec row each. */
   readonly typeSpecSignatures?: readonly Buffer[];
+  /** Raw ResolutionScope coded value of the TypeRef row; null by default. */
+  readonly typeRefScopeRaw?: number;
   readonly mvid?: Buffer;
   readonly pinvoke?: {
     readonly importName?: string;
@@ -182,10 +184,10 @@ const typeRefRow = (
   name: number,
   namespace: number,
   stringSize: MetadataIndexSize,
-  resolutionScopeSize: MetadataIndexSize,
+  resolutionScope: Buffer,
 ): Buffer =>
   Buffer.concat([
-    metadataIndex(0, resolutionScopeSize),
+    resolutionScope,
     metadataIndex(name, stringSize),
     metadataIndex(namespace, stringSize),
   ]);
@@ -716,7 +718,7 @@ const fixtureMetadataRows = ({
           indexes.attributeName,
           indexes.attributeNamespace,
           heapSizes.strings,
-          widths.resolutionScope,
+          metadataIndex(options.typeRefScopeRaw ?? 0, widths.resolutionScope),
         ),
       ],
     ],
diff --git a/src/dotnet/ManagedTypeNames.ts b/src/dotnet/ManagedTypeNames.ts
index 992749183c..1728c2efa0 100644
--- a/src/dotnet/ManagedTypeNames.ts
+++ b/src/dotnet/ManagedTypeNames.ts
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import {
   type ManagedMetadataLayout,
 } from "./ManagedMetadataLayout.js";
 import {
+  metadataCodedTokenInvalidReason,
   metadataRowCursor,
   metadataToken,
   readMetadataBlob,
@@ -21,7 +22,8 @@ import { managedFailure, readManagedValue } from "./ManagedReaderFailure.js";
  * Name the type a TypeDef, TypeRef, or generic-instantiation TypeSpec token
  * denotes, in the namespace-qualified form TypeDef `full_name` uses, once per
  * token. Other decoded TypeSpecs stay null: the type is unknown. Malformed or
- * unsupported rows and blobs are reported to `issues` and also stay null.
+ * unsupported rows and blobs are reported to `issues` and also stay null,
+ * except that a TypeRef with an invalid ResolutionScope keeps its readable name.
  */
 export const typeNameLookup = (
   bytes: Buffer,
@@ -36,7 +38,21 @@ export const typeNameLookup = (
       return ranges[row - 1]?.fullName ?? null;
     }
     const cursor = metadataRowCursor(bytes, layout, 1, row);
-    cursor.readIndex(layout.codedIndexSize("ResolutionScope"));
+    const scopeRaw = cursor.readIndex(layout.codedIndexSize("ResolutionScope"));
+    // A null scope is legal: the type resolves through ExportedType.
+    const scopeReason = metadataCodedTokenInvalidReason(
+      scopeRaw,
+      2,
+      [0, 26, 35, 1],
+      layout.rowCounts,
+    );
+    if (scopeReason !== null)
+      issues.push({
+        code: "invalid-row",
+        scope: `metadata.TypeRef:${metadataToken(1, row)}`,
+        offset: cursor.start,
+        detail: `TypeRef ResolutionScope coded index 0x${scopeRaw.toString(16)} is invalid: ${scopeReason}`,
+      });
     const name = cursor.readIndex(layout.stringIndexSize);
     const namespace = cursor.readIndex(layout.stringIndexSize);
     return fullName(