diff --git a/docs/managed-code-analysis.md b/docs/managed-code-analysis.md
index f84a16a8a9..37ebcdbcb5 100644
--- a/docs/managed-code-analysis.md
+++ b/docs/managed-code-analysis.md
@@ -96,7 +96,11 @@ assembly. Older member Evidence without `selection` remains readable.
 
 `member_refs[].parent_name`, `call_edges[].target_declaring_type`, and
 `field_accesses[].field_declaring_type` name the type that declares each
-target. TypeDef and TypeRef names use the namespace-qualified `full_name`
+target. Referenced spec signatures validate encoded type coordinates against
+the metadata tables, including nested type arguments and custom modifiers.
+TypeRef resolution scopes are checked transitively with cycle detection;
+readable names survive malformed scopes as partial evidence.
+TypeDef and TypeRef names use the namespace-qualified `full_name`
 form, and nested types keep bare names. A generic-instantiation TypeSpec
 parent names its generic type, such as ``System.Collections.Generic.List`1``.
 Other well-formed TypeSpec forms and ModuleRef or MethodDef parents stay
diff --git a/src/dotnet/ManagedMemberInspectorCore.ts b/src/dotnet/ManagedMemberInspectorCore.ts
index d5b922bf15..dccea81b7d 100644
--- a/src/dotnet/ManagedMemberInspectorCore.ts
+++ b/src/dotnet/ManagedMemberInspectorCore.ts
@@ -465,10 +465,40 @@ const POSITION_ELEMENTS: ReadonlyMap<number, readonly SignaturePosition[]> =
     [0x10, ["return", "parameter", "field"]],
   ]);
 
+/** Decode a type operand once; spec callers also validate its metadata coordinate. */
+const readTypeOperand = (
+  blob: Buffer,
+  offset: number,
+  layout?: ManagedMetadataLayout,
+  tables: readonly number[] = [2, 1, 27],
+): ReturnType<typeof readCompressed> => {
+  const token = readCompressed(blob, offset);
+  if (layout !== undefined) {
+    const reason =
+      token.value === 0
+        ? "type operand is null"
+        : metadataCodedTokenInvalidReason(
+            token.value,
+            2,
+            tables,
+            layout.rowCounts,
+          );
+    if (reason !== null)
+      throw managedFailure(
+        "invalid-row",
+        "signature",
+        `TypeDefOrRefOrSpec operand 0x${token.value.toString(16)} is invalid: ${reason}`,
+        offset,
+      );
+  }
+  return token;
+};
+
 const readTypeSignature = (
   blob: Buffer,
   offset: number,
   base: SignaturePosition,
+  layout?: ManagedMetadataLayout,
 ): { readonly value: string; readonly next: number } => {
   const stack: TypeContinuation[] = [];
   let cursor = offset;
@@ -495,7 +525,7 @@ const readTypeSignature = (
       stack.push({ kind: "suffix", suffix });
       cursor += 1;
     } else if (kind === 0x1f || kind === 0x20) {
-      const token = readCompressed(blob, cursor + 1);
+      const token = readTypeOperand(blob, cursor + 1, layout);
       const modifier = `${kind === 0x1f ? "modreq" : "modopt"}:${String(token.value)}`;
       // A modifier frame on top was pushed by the directly preceding byte;
       // keep an adjacent run together and in source order.
@@ -504,7 +534,7 @@ const readTypeSignature = (
       else stack.push({ kind: "modifiers", modifiers: [modifier] });
       cursor = token.next;
     } else if (kind === 0x11 || kind === 0x12) {
-      const token = readCompressed(blob, cursor + 1);
+      const token = readTypeOperand(blob, cursor + 1, layout);
       value = `${kind === 0x11 ? "valuetype" : "class"}:${String(token.value)}`;
       cursor = token.next;
     } else if (kind === 0x1e || kind === 0x13) {
@@ -524,7 +554,7 @@ const readTypeSignature = (
           "generic instantiation does not name a class or value type",
           cursor + 1,
         );
-      const token = readCompressed(blob, cursor + 2);
+      const token = readTypeOperand(blob, cursor + 2, layout, [2, 1]);
       const argumentCount = readCompressed(blob, token.next);
       if (argumentCount.value === 0)
         return malformedSignature(
@@ -646,7 +676,7 @@ export const specSignature = (
     const types: string[] = [];
     // Each Type consumes at least one byte, so a false count fails on truncation.
     for (let index = 0; index < count; index += 1) {
-      const type = readTypeSignature(blob, cursor, "type");
+      const type = readTypeSignature(blob, cursor, "type", layout);
       types.push(type.value);
       cursor = type.next;
     }
@@ -657,6 +687,7 @@ export const specSignature = (
     if (
       !(cause instanceof ManagedReaderFailure) ||
       (cause.issue.code !== "invalid-blob" &&
+        cause.issue.code !== "invalid-row" &&
         cause.issue.code !== "unsupported-signature")
     )
       throw cause;
diff --git a/src/dotnet/ManagedTypeNames.ts b/src/dotnet/ManagedTypeNames.ts
index 1728c2efa0..0c6a4d9972 100644
--- a/src/dotnet/ManagedTypeNames.ts
+++ b/src/dotnet/ManagedTypeNames.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { managedDecodeBudget } from "./ManagedDecodeBudget.js";
 import type { ManagedParseIssue } from "../domain/managed/managedArtifact.js";
 import {
   fullName,
@@ -32,27 +33,54 @@ export const typeNameLookup = (
   issues: ManagedParseIssue[],
 ): ((token: string | null) => string | null) => {
   const names = new Map<string, string | null>();
+  const checkedScopes = new Set<number>();
+  const validateScopeChain = (row: number): void => {
+    const path = new Set<number>();
+    let current = row;
+    while (!checkedScopes.has(current)) {
+      const cursor = metadataRowCursor(bytes, layout, 1, current);
+      if (path.has(current)) {
+        issues.push({
+          code: "invalid-row",
+          scope: `metadata.TypeRef:${metadataToken(1, current)}`,
+          offset: cursor.start,
+          detail: "TypeRef ResolutionScope chain contains a cycle",
+        });
+        break;
+      }
+      // Admit the chain's visited entry and retained validation-cache entry.
+      managedDecodeBudget(layout).reserve(128, cursor.start);
+      path.add(current);
+      const raw = cursor.readIndex(layout.codedIndexSize("ResolutionScope"));
+      const reason = metadataCodedTokenInvalidReason(
+        raw,
+        2,
+        [0, 26, 35, 1],
+        layout.rowCounts,
+      );
+      if (reason !== null) {
+        issues.push({
+          code: "invalid-row",
+          scope: `metadata.TypeRef:${metadataToken(1, current)}`,
+          offset: cursor.start,
+          detail: `TypeRef ResolutionScope coded index 0x${raw.toString(16)} is invalid: ${reason}`,
+        });
+        break;
+      }
+      // Null scopes are legal; non-TypeRef scopes terminate local validation.
+      if (raw === 0 || (raw & 3) !== 3) break;
+      current = Math.floor(raw / 4);
+    }
+    for (const visited of path) checkedScopes.add(visited);
+  };
   const definitionName = (table: 1 | 2, row: number): string | null => {
     if (table === 2) {
       metadataRowOffset(layout, 2, row);
       return ranges[row - 1]?.fullName ?? null;
     }
     const cursor = metadataRowCursor(bytes, layout, 1, row);
-    const scopeRaw = cursor.readIndex(layout.codedIndexSize("ResolutionScope"));
-    // A null scope is legal: the type resolves through ExportedType.
-    const scopeReason = metadataCodedTokenInvalidReason(
-      scopeRaw,
-      2,
-      [0, 26, 35, 1],
-      layout.rowCounts,
-    );
-    if (scopeReason !== null)
-      issues.push({
-        code: "invalid-row",
-        scope: `metadata.TypeRef:${metadataToken(1, row)}`,
-        offset: cursor.start,
-        detail: `TypeRef ResolutionScope coded index 0x${scopeRaw.toString(16)} is invalid: ${scopeReason}`,
-      });
+    cursor.readIndex(layout.codedIndexSize("ResolutionScope"));
+    validateScopeChain(row);
     const name = cursor.readIndex(layout.stringIndexSize);
     const namespace = cursor.readIndex(layout.stringIndexSize);
     return fullName(