try this

Dockerfile

@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@ LABEL org.opencontainers.image.licenses="Apache-2.0"
 LABEL org.opencontainers.image.vendor="changedetection.io"
 
 RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+    gosu \
     libxslt1.1 \
     # For presenting price amounts correctly in the restock/price detection overview
     locales \
@@ -101,18 +102,29 @@ RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
     libxrender-dev \
     && apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 
+# Create unprivileged user and required directories
+RUN groupadd -g 911 changedetection && \
+    useradd -u 911 -g 911 -M -s /bin/false changedetection && \
+    mkdir -p /datastore /extra_packages && \
+    chown changedetection:changedetection /extra_packages
 
 # https://stackoverflow.com/questions/58701233/docker-logs-erroneously-appears-empty-until-container-stops
 ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1
-
-RUN [ ! -d "/datastore" ] && mkdir /datastore
+# Redirect .pyc cache to a writable location since /app is root-owned.
+# To disable bytecode caching entirely, set PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1 at runtime.
+ENV PYTHONPYCACHEPREFIX=/tmp/pycache
+# Disable pytest's .pytest_cache directory (also writes to /app, which is root-owned).
+# Only has an effect when running tests inside the container.
+ENV PYTEST_ADDOPTS="-p no:cacheprovider"
+# Redirect test logs to the datastore (writable) instead of /app/tests/logs (read-only in container).
+ENV TEST_LOG_DIR=/datastore/test_logs
 
 # Re #80, sets SECLEVEL=1 in openssl.conf to allow monitoring sites with weak/old cipher suites
 RUN sed -i 's/^CipherString = .*/CipherString = DEFAULT@SECLEVEL=1/' /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf
 
 # Copy modules over to the final image and add their dir to PYTHONPATH
 COPY --from=builder /dependencies /usr/local
-ENV PYTHONPATH=/usr/local
+ENV PYTHONPATH=/usr/local:/extra_packages
 
 EXPOSE 5000
 

changedetectionio/tests/conftest.py

@@ -39,8 +39,9 @@ def per_test_log_file(request):
     """Create a separate log file for each test function with pytest output."""
     import re
 
-    # Create logs directory if it doesn't exist
-    log_dir = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "logs")
+    # Create logs directory if it doesn't exist.
+    # TEST_LOG_DIR can be overridden e.g. to a writable path when /app is read-only (Docker).
+    log_dir = os.environ.get('TEST_LOG_DIR', os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "logs"))
     os.makedirs(log_dir, exist_ok=True)
 
     # Generate log filename from test name and worker ID (for parallel runs)

docker-compose.yml

@@ -9,6 +9,12 @@ services:
 #        - ./proxies.json:/datastore/proxies.json
 
   #    environment:
+  #        Run as a specific user/group (UID:GID). Defaults to 911:911.
+  #        The container will automatically fix datastore ownership on first start if needed.
+  #        Set SKIP_CHOWN=1 to disable the ownership migration (e.g. if you manage permissions yourself).
+  #      - PUID=1000
+  #      - PGID=1000
+  #
   #        Default listening port, can also be changed with the -p option (not to be confused with ports: below)
   #      - PORT=5000
   #
@@ -80,8 +86,9 @@ services:
   #        RAM usage will be higher if you increase this.
   #      - SCREENSHOT_MAX_HEIGHT=16000
   #
-  #        HTTPS SSL Mode for webserver, unset both of these, you may need to volume mount these files also.
+  #        HTTPS SSL Mode for webserver, volume mount the cert files and set these env vars.
   #        ./cert.pem:/app/cert.pem and ./privkey.pem:/app/privkey.pem
+  #        Permissions are fixed automatically on startup.
   #      - SSL_CERT_FILE=cert.pem
   #      - SSL_PRIVKEY_FILE=privkey.pem
   #
@@ -95,6 +102,8 @@ services:
       ports:
         - 127.0.0.1:5000:5000
       restart: unless-stopped
+      security_opt:
+        - no-new-privileges:true
 
      # Used for fetching pages via WebDriver+Chrome where you need Javascript support.
      # Now working on arm64 (needs testing on rPi - tested on Oracle ARM instance)

docker-entrypoint.sh

@@ -1,28 +1,68 @@
 #!/bin/bash
-set -e
+set -eu
 
-# Install additional packages from EXTRA_PACKAGES env var
-# Uses a marker file to avoid reinstalling on every container restart
-INSTALLED_MARKER="/datastore/.extra_packages_installed"
-CURRENT_PACKAGES="$EXTRA_PACKAGES"
+DATASTORE_PATH="${DATASTORE_PATH:-/datastore}"
 
-if [ -n "$EXTRA_PACKAGES" ]; then
-    # Check if we need to install/update packages
-    if [ ! -f "$INSTALLED_MARKER" ] || [ "$(cat $INSTALLED_MARKER 2>/dev/null)" != "$CURRENT_PACKAGES" ]; then
-        echo "Installing extra packages: $EXTRA_PACKAGES"
-        pip3 install --no-cache-dir $EXTRA_PACKAGES
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Phase 1: Running as root — fix up PUID/PGID and datastore ownership,
+#           then re-exec as the unprivileged changedetection user via gosu.
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+if [ "$(id -u)" = '0' ]; then
+    PUID=${PUID:-911}
+    PGID=${PGID:-911}
 
-        if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
-            echo "$CURRENT_PACKAGES" > "$INSTALLED_MARKER"
-            echo "Extra packages installed successfully"
-        else
-            echo "ERROR: Failed to install extra packages"
-            exit 1
+    groupmod -o -g "$PGID" changedetection
+    usermod -o -u "$PUID" changedetection
+
+    # Keep /extra_packages writable by the (potentially re-mapped) user
+    chown changedetection:changedetection /extra_packages
+
+    # One-time ownership migration: only chown if the datastore isn't already
+    # owned by the target UID (e.g. existing root-owned installations).
+    if [ -z "${SKIP_CHOWN:-}" ]; then
+        datastore_uid=$(stat -c '%u' "$DATASTORE_PATH")
+        if [ "$datastore_uid" != "$PUID" ]; then
+            echo "Updating $DATASTORE_PATH ownership to $PUID:$PGID (one-time migration)..."
+            chown -R changedetection:changedetection "$DATASTORE_PATH"
+            echo "Done."
         fi
+    fi
+
+    # Fix SSL certificate permissions so the unprivileged user can read them.
+    # SSL_CERT_FILE / SSL_PRIVKEY_FILE may be relative (to /app) or absolute.
+    fix_ssl_perm() {
+        local file="$1" mode="$2"
+        [ -z "$file" ] && return
+        [ "${file:0:1}" != "/" ] && file="/app/$file"
+        if [ -f "$file" ]; then
+            chown changedetection:changedetection "$file"
+            chmod "$mode" "$file"
+        fi
+    }
+    fix_ssl_perm "${SSL_CERT_FILE:-}" 644
+    fix_ssl_perm "${SSL_PRIVKEY_FILE:-}" 600
+
+    # Re-exec this script as the unprivileged user
+    exec gosu changedetection:changedetection "$0" "$@"
+fi
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Phase 2: Running as unprivileged user — install any EXTRA_PACKAGES into
+#           /extra_packages (already on PYTHONPATH) then exec the app.
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Install additional packages from EXTRA_PACKAGES env var.
+# Uses a marker file in the datastore to avoid reinstalling on every restart.
+if [ -n "${EXTRA_PACKAGES:-}" ]; then
+    INSTALLED_MARKER="${DATASTORE_PATH}/.extra_packages_installed"
+    if [ ! -f "$INSTALLED_MARKER" ] || [ "$(cat "$INSTALLED_MARKER" 2>/dev/null)" != "$EXTRA_PACKAGES" ]; then
+        echo "Installing extra packages: $EXTRA_PACKAGES"
+        pip3 install --target=/extra_packages --no-cache-dir $EXTRA_PACKAGES
+        echo "$EXTRA_PACKAGES" > "$INSTALLED_MARKER"
+        echo "Extra packages installed successfully"
     else
         echo "Extra packages already installed: $EXTRA_PACKAGES"
     fi
 fi
 
-# Execute the main command
 exec "$@"